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    1. Verbal Fluency TestGradeA
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    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Depression and bipolar disorder
  6. /Verbal Learning

Clinical trials data

Verbal Learning in depression and bipolar disorder trials: 178 registered studies

Every registered depression and bipolar disorder study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Verbal Learning in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered depression and bipolar disorder studies name it in an outcome measure
178
Name it in a primary outcome, 29%
51 of 178
Of the condition's 1,247 studies name it, against 11% of all registered studies
14%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
60
By phase
Try Verbal LearningTry the Grocery Trip Game

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that depression and bipolar disorder studies naming Verbal Learning name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Trail Making Test69 studies, 21 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Fluency56 studies, 17 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Digit Span Test48 studies, 12 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Symbol Coding44 studies, 15 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Stroop Color-Word Test33 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Continuous Performance Test15 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Category Fluency15 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)14 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Letter-Number Sequencing Task11 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Rapid Visual Information Processing10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 5 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 4 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 7 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 9 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 16 studies, 9 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 15 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 8 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 12 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 9 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 19 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 12 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200321
200421
200553
200640
200721
200852
200920
201070
201151
201241
201342
201490
2015169
201683
2017156
201883
201972
202051
202184
202272
2023122
202491
2025193
2026123

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 13 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 15 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/25 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 221 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/34 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 319 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 416 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable85 studies, 23 as a primary outcome
  • Observational20 studies, 12 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200500
  • Phase 262 median, 40 to 105
  • Phase 381 median, 41 to 366
  • Phase 453 median, 29 to 75
  • Not applicable60 median, 28 to 95
  • Observational110 median, 66 to 219
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per depression and bipolar disorder study that names Verbal Learning, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2216240 to 105
Phase 3188141 to 366
Phase 4165329 to 75
Not applicable806028 to 95
Observational2011066 to 219

When depression and bipolar disorder trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 11 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 weeks to 4 months. 47 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day11 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks27 outcomes, 8 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months73 outcomes, 19 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months28 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months13 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years7 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years5 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given14 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

164 of the 178 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting37 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Completed87 studies, 28 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early20 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown21 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral38 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Drug69 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Device41 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement9 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Biological2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Genetic1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other28 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • None given11 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States73 studies, 24 as a primary outcome
  • Canada25 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Spain12 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • France11 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Germany11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark10 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Austria6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • China6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Australia5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

39 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 7 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed depression and bipolar disorder studies that name Verbal Learning: 58 of 87, 67%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed depression and bipolar disorder studies that name Verbal Learning and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted depression and bipolar disorder studies that name Verbal LearningEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper15, 17%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only22, 25%1,139, 14%
A results paper only21, 24%1,711, 22%
Neither29, 33%4,327, 54%

The 178 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionDepression and bipolar disorder
TestVerbal Learning

178 studies match. 51 name Verbal Learning in a primary outcome. Median size 60 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 11 weeks.

Loading 178 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
051015202000: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2003: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2004: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2005: 5 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20052006: 4 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2007: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2008: 5 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2010: 7 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20102011: 5 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2012: 4 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2014: 9 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2015: 16 studies, 9 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2017: 15 studies, 6 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2018: 8 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2019: 7 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2020: 5 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20202021: 8 studies, 4 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2022: 7 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2023: 12 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2024: 9 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2025: 19 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20252026: 12 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 that started before 2000.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200321
200421
200553
200640
200721
200852
200920
201070
201151
201241
201342
201490
2015169
201683
2017156
201883
201972
202051
202184
202272
2023122
202491
2025193
2026123

Library tests named most

  • Verbal Learning178 studies, 51 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test69 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency56 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test48 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding44 studies, 15 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test33 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Continuous Performance Test15 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency15 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)14 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Letter-Number Sequencing Task11 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Depression and bipolar disorder178 studies, 51 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD23 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Brain injury and concussion6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Substance use and addiction6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Healthy volunteers5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 13, NIH 1, other 164. Interventional 158, observational 20.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeVerbal Learning

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07848477Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary2 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary2 weeks
  • N-Back TaskSecondary2 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary2 weeks
  • Paired Associate LearningSecondary2 weeks
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningSecondary2 weeks
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskSecondary2 weeks
  • Affective Go/No-GoSecondary2 weeks
  • Grid Pattern Span TaskSecondary2 weeks
NCT07664852Start2026PhasePhase 3ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants126Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome5 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestOther outcome5 months
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome5 months
  • Verbal FluencyOther outcome5 months
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestOther outcome5 months
  • Monetary Incentive DelayOther outcome6 weeks
NCT07652775Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary5 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary5 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary5 weeks
NCT07633626Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, CancerParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 weeks
  • Symbol Scan TaskPrimary12 weeks
NCT07611773Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants270Lead sponsorIndustryStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary10 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary10 weeks
NCT07610369Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsParkinson's disease, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary13 weeks
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Simon TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT07590999Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants106Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary9 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary9 weeks
  • N-Back TaskSecondary9 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary9 weeks
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningSecondary9 weeks
  • Affective Go/No-GoSecondary9 weeks
NCT07550140Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disorders, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 weeks
  • Delayed Recall ModuleSecondary12 weeks
NCT07508215Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary8 weeks
NCT07506070Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorder, Autism, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants160Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary13 weeks
NCT07504120Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Depression and bipolar disorder, Aging, frailty and exercise, Pain and fatigueParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary16 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary16 weeks
NCT07492537Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome12 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallOther outcome12 months
NCT07474974Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants44Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary9 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary9 weeks
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary9 weeks
NCT07404085Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants160Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary8 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Tower PlanningPrimary8 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingPrimary8 weeks
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionPrimary8 weeks
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary8 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary8 weeks
  • One-Touch Tower PlanningPrimary8 weeks
NCT07402356Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants140Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • N-Back TaskPrimarysame day
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
NCT07376018Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 weeks
  • Dimensional Change Card SortSecondary12 weeks
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary12 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondary12 weeks
NCT07350226Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants86Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary8 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary8 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary8 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Task Switching TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary8 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary8 weeks
NCT07324070Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 days
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 days
NCT07309302Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants64Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary5 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary5 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary5 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary5 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary5 months
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary5 months
  • Category FluencyPrimary5 months
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskPrimary5 months
  • Balloon RiskPrimary5 months
  • Emotional Stroop TaskPrimary5 months
  • Visual Search TestPrimary5 months
  • Serial Naming TaskPrimary5 months
NCT06914284Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary3 years
  • Verbal FluencySecondary3 years
NCT06913309Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants168Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary4 weeks
NCT06897670Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
  • Picture Naming TestSecondarysame day
NCT06854367Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants280Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary10 weeks
NCT06796712Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants55Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 weeks
  • Delayed Recall ModuleSecondary12 weeks
NCT06785012Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants105Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary4 weeks

Page 1 of 8

Questions, answered from the data

How many depression and bipolar disorder trials use Verbal Learning?

178 registered depression and bipolar disorder studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 51 of them in a primary outcome: 14% of the condition's 1,247 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 11% of all of them. It is the 2nd most named test in depression and bipolar disorder trials.

Which tests do depression and bipolar disorder trials use with Verbal Learning?

The Trail Making Test (69 studies), Verbal Fluency (56 studies) and the Digit Span Test (48 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 depression and bipolar disorder trials that use Verbal Learning enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 62 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 40 to 105. 21 of them give a size.

When do depression and bipolar disorder trials measure Verbal Learning?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 11 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 weeks to 4 months. 47 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed depression and bipolar disorder trials that use Verbal Learning have reported results?

58 of the 87 completed studies that name it, 67%, have reported results: 37 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 36 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 15 did both. The other 29 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on Verbal Learning and depression and bipolar disorder

  • Every cognitive test in depression and bipolar disorder trials: 1,247 studies
  • Verbal Learning in all clinical trials: 1,832 studies

Verbal Learning in other conditions

  • Cancer235
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's224
  • Mild cognitive impairment183
  • Multiple sclerosis139
  • Aging, frailty and exercise128
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis112
  • Brain injury and concussion111
  • Cognitive impairment and decline79
  • Substance use and addiction77
  • Obesity and diabetes74
  • Pain and fatigue72
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD70
  • Sleep and sleep disorders66
  • Cardiovascular disease64
  • Stroke63
  • Parkinson's disease61
  • Healthy volunteers56
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care51

Other tests in depression and bipolar disorder trials

  • Trail Making Test204
  • Verbal Fluency154
  • Digit Span Test143
  • Symbol Coding143
  • Stroop Color-Word Test138
  • Go/No-Go Task79
  • N-Back Task79
  • Continuous Performance Test73
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)65

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Verbal Learning and Grocery Trip Game as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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