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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
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  5. /Healthy volunteers
  6. /Verbal Learning

Clinical trials data

Verbal Learning in healthy volunteer trials: 56 registered studies

Every registered healthy volunteers study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Verbal Learning in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered healthy volunteers studies name it in an outcome measure
56
Name it in a primary outcome, 46%
26 of 56
Of the condition's 656 studies name it, against 11% of all registered studies
9%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
60
By phase
Try Verbal LearningTry the Grocery Trip Game

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that healthy volunteers studies naming Verbal Learning name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Trail Making Test13 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Digit Span Test10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    N-Back Task6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Verbal Fluency6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Category Fluency5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Stroop Color-Word Test5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Short Story Recall4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Eriksen Flanker Task4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Matrix Reasoning4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 5 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200311
200400
200500
200600
200711
200811
200900
201032
201110
201211
201321
201420
201553
201610
201721
201811
201933
202011
202161
202272
202361
202472
202532
202600

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 12 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 110 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/31 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 31 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 41 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable33 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Observational8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Phase 141 median, 24 to 47
  • Not applicable61 median, 30 to 180
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per healthy volunteers study that names Verbal Learning, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 1104124 to 47
Not applicable336130 to 180

When healthy volunteer trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 3 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 11 weeks. 23 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day15 outcomes, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks13 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months14 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months4 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months2 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years2 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given5 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

51 of the 56 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Completed34 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown11 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral13 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Drug16 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Device4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Genetic1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other16 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • None given3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States21 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Ireland5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • China2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • France2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Spain2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Australia1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Germany1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Greece1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Italy1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Malaysia1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

15 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 7 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed healthy volunteers studies that name Verbal Learning: 12 of 34, 35%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed healthy volunteers studies that name Verbal Learning and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted healthy volunteers studies that name Verbal LearningEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper2, 6%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only4, 12%1,139, 14%
A results paper only6, 18%1,711, 22%
Neither22, 65%4,327, 54%

The 56 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionHealthy volunteers
TestVerbal Learning

56 studies match. 26 name Verbal Learning in a primary outcome. Median size 60 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 3 weeks.

Loading 56 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
024682000: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2010: 3 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2015: 5 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20152016: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2018: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2020: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20202021: 6 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2022: 7 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2023: 6 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2024: 7 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2025: 3 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20252026: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 2 that started before 2000.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200311
200400
200500
200600
200711
200811
200900
201032
201110
201211
201321
201420
201553
201610
201721
201811
201933
202011
202161
202272
202361
202472
202532
202600

Library tests named most

  • Verbal Learning56 studies, 26 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test13 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Short Story Recall4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Eriksen Flanker Task4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Conditions

  • Healthy volunteers56 studies, 26 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise15 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's9 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease1 study, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Multiple sclerosis1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Substance use and addiction1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 13, other 43. Interventional 48, observational 8.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeVerbal Learning

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07637487Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants220Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
NCT07208279Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants16Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary6 weeks
NCT07063264Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants87Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
NCT07010666Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants18Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • N-Back TaskPrimarysame day
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06896825Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants86Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome13 weeks
  • Dimensional Change Card SortOther outcome13 weeks
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonOther outcome13 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestOther outcome13 weeks
NCT06671301Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary9 weeks
NCT06588842Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants25Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 weeks
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary12 weeks
  • Dimensional Change Card SortSecondary12 weeks
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary12 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondary12 weeks
NCT06542640Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Healthy volunteersParticipants300Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 years
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 years
  • Verbal FluencySecondary2 years
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary2 years
  • Category FluencySecondary2 years
NCT06530277Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Healthy volunteersParticipants58Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 weeks
NCT06402916Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • N-Back TaskSecondarysame day
  • Attention Network TestSecondarysame day
NCT06402253Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants61Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary14 weeks
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskPrimary14 weeks
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary14 weeks
  • Inattentional Blindness TaskSecondary14 weeks
NCT06284720Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants16Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Delayed Recall ModulePrimary1 week
  • Face-name Memory TaskPrimary2 weeks
NCT06270108Start2022PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Healthy volunteersParticipants288Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
NCT05974605Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants16Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary10 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary10 weeks
  • N-Back TaskPrimary10 weeks
  • Task Switching TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Short Story RecallPrimary10 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary10 weeks
  • Size Order Memory TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskPrimary10 weeks
NCT05966532Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Healthy volunteersParticipants276Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimarysame day
  • Category FluencySecondarysame day
  • Affective Go/No-GoPrimarysame day
  • Betting Choice TaskPrimarysame day
NCT05941949Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants110Lead sponsorIndustryStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 weeks
  • Choice Reaction TimeSecondary12 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimary12 weeks
NCT05941143Start2019PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants77Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestOther outcome8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary8 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Other outcome8 weeks
NCT05931562Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondary8 weeks
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionSecondary8 weeks
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondary8 weeks
  • Emotional Stroop TaskSecondary8 weeks
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary8 weeks
  • Pattern Recognition MemorySecondary8 weeks
NCT05931536Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants350Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondary
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionSecondary
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondary
  • Emotional Stroop TaskSecondary
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary
  • Pattern Recognition MemorySecondary
NCT05927103Start2021PhaseObservationalConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants62Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestOther outcome
  • Paired Associate LearningOther outcome
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionOther outcome
NCT05927038Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants31Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome3 weeks
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestOther outcome3 weeks
  • Paired Associate LearningOther outcome3 weeks
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionOther outcome3 weeks
NCT05890014Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 days
  • N-Back TaskSecondary4 days
  • Attention Network TestSecondary4 days
NCT05702177Start2023PhasePhase 1ConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants36Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 days
NCT05539378Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 weeks
NCT05186090Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper 1Paper 2Paper 3Paper 4

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • N-Back TaskSecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary6 months

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many healthy volunteer trials use Verbal Learning?

56 registered healthy volunteers studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 26 of them in a primary outcome: 9% of the condition's 656 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 11% of all of them. It is the 4th most named test in healthy volunteer trials.

Which tests do healthy volunteer trials use with Verbal Learning?

The Trail Making Test (13 studies), the Digit Span Test (10 studies) and the N-Back Task (6 studies).

When do healthy volunteer trials measure Verbal Learning?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 3 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 11 weeks. 23 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed healthy volunteer trials that use Verbal Learning have reported results?

12 of the 34 completed studies that name it, 35%, have reported results: 6 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 8 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 2 did both. The other 22 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on Verbal Learning and healthy volunteers

  • Every cognitive test in healthy volunteer trials: 656 studies
  • Verbal Learning in all clinical trials: 1,832 studies

Verbal Learning in other conditions

  • Cancer235
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's224
  • Mild cognitive impairment183
  • Depression and bipolar disorder178
  • Multiple sclerosis139
  • Aging, frailty and exercise128
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis112
  • Brain injury and concussion111
  • Cognitive impairment and decline79
  • Substance use and addiction77
  • Obesity and diabetes74
  • Pain and fatigue72
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD70
  • Sleep and sleep disorders66
  • Cardiovascular disease64
  • Stroke63
  • Parkinson's disease61
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care51

Other tests in healthy volunteer trials

  • Stroop Color-Word Test98
  • Trail Making Test68
  • Digit Span Test64
  • Symbol Coding56
  • N-Back Task51

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Verbal Learning and Grocery Trip Game as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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