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Clinical trials data

Picture Naming Test in clinical trials: 466 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Picture Naming Test in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
466
Name it in a primary outcome, 43%
201 of 466
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 2.8% in 2016 to 2020
2.8%
By year
Median participants per study
60
By phase
Try the Picture Naming Test

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.

  1. Dementia and Alzheimer's104 studies, 38 as a primary outcome

  2. Stroke99 studies, 56 as a primary outcome

  3. Mild cognitive impairment71 studies, 23 as a primary outcome

  4. Parkinson's disease37 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  5. Cognitive impairment and decline23 studies, 15 as a primary outcome

  6. Aging, frailty and exercise23 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  7. Depression and bipolar disorder19 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  8. Brain injury and concussion15 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  9. Cancer14 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  10. Obesity and diabetes14 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  11. Cardiovascular disease14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  12. Delirium, surgery and intensive care10 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  13. Sleep and sleep disorders8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  14. Epilepsy8 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  15. Schizophrenia and psychosis7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  16. COVID-19 and long COVID6 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  17. Anxiety, PTSD and OCD6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  18. Healthy volunteers5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  19. Autism3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  20. Hearing loss3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  21. Multiple sclerosis2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  22. Substance use and addiction2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  23. Pain and fatigue2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  24. Other conditions73 studies, 37 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

The Picture Naming Test is a primary outcome in 43% of its studies. Across the 5 language tests with a page here, the median is 33%.

  1. Picture Naming Test43% of 466 studies

  2. Vocabulary Test37% of 199 studies

  3. Token Commands Task33% of 36 studies

  4. Lexical Decision Task32% of 22 studies

  5. Serial Naming Task32% of 22 studies

Studies by start year

2.8% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 2.8% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 6 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 9 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 13 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 15 studies, 7 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 13 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 23 studies, 11 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 18 studies, 10 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 23 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 22 studies, 14 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 33 studies, 18 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 30 studies, 18 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 42 studies, 20 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 37 studies, 13 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 46 studies, 19 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 37 studies, 15 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 36 studies, 10 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 36 studies, 11 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200211
200311
200422
200520
200610
200761
200863
200972
201042
201195
2012136
2013157
2014134
20152311
20161810
2017236
20182214
20193318
20203018
20214220
20223713
20234619
20243715
20253610
20263611

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 17 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 18 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/28 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 242 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 38 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 48 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable306 studies, 141 as a primary outcome
  • Observational78 studies, 37 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200500
  • Phase 243 median, 24 to 108
  • Not applicable48 median, 22 to 93
  • Observational153 median, 80 to 623
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names the Picture Naming Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2424324 to 108
Not applicable3004822 to 93
Observational7815380 to 623

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Picture Naming Test are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 weeks to 6 months. 189 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day40 outcomes, 22 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks59 outcomes, 36 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months119 outcomes, 55 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months89 outcomes, 34 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months68 outcomes, 19 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years30 outcomes, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years36 outcomes, 14 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given25 outcomes, 12 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

441 of the 466 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting94 studies, 33 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting38 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting17 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Completed184 studies, 94 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early48 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown85 studies, 33 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral143 studies, 70 as a primary outcome
  • Drug61 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Device124 studies, 64 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement22 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure29 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Biological8 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Genetic4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other94 studies, 36 as a primary outcome
  • None given37 studies, 19 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States176 studies, 84 as a primary outcome
  • China65 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Canada33 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Spain33 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Italy23 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • France22 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland17 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • South Korea16 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom16 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands15 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden14 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Germany13 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

50 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 36 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name the Picture Naming Test: 92 of 184, 50%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name the Picture Naming Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name the Picture Naming TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper18, 10%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only36, 20%1,139, 14%
A results paper only38, 21%1,711, 22%
Neither92, 50%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming the Picture Naming Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Verbal Fluency206 studies, 79 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Trail Making Test189 studies, 66 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Learning180 studies, 73 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Digit Span Test148 studies, 51 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Category Fluency127 studies, 57 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Stroop Color-Word Test97 studies, 35 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall74 studies, 30 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Clock Drawing Task70 studies, 26 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Short Story Recall65 studies, 29 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Symbol Coding61 studies, 30 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for the Picture Naming Test and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Picture Naming Test463 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Verbal Fluency1,737 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Trail Making Test2,281 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Verbal Learning1,819 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearPicture Naming TestVerbal FluencyTrail Making TestVerbal Learning
20000121
20010105
20021338
200314814
2004291014
20052191417
2006191413
20076222122
20086181728
20097292928
20104293242
20119364733
201213344442
201315586053
201413596682
201523798591
2016188510398
20172393122107
20182210711792
201933121155122
2020309012276
202142131172137
202237123188138
202346147228157
202437130211144
202536167210132
202636133201123

Explore the 466 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestThe Picture Naming Test

466 studies match. 201 name the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome. Median size 60 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 13 weeks.

Loading 466 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
02040602000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2002: 1 studies, 1 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2004: 2 studies, 2 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2005: 2 studies, 0 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2007: 6 studies, 1 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2008: 6 studies, 3 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2009: 7 studies, 2 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2010: 4 studies, 2 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome20102011: 9 studies, 5 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2012: 13 studies, 6 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2013: 15 studies, 7 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2014: 13 studies, 4 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2015: 23 studies, 11 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome20152016: 18 studies, 10 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2017: 23 studies, 6 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2018: 22 studies, 14 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2019: 33 studies, 18 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2020: 30 studies, 18 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome20202021: 42 studies, 20 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2022: 37 studies, 13 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2023: 46 studies, 19 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2024: 37 studies, 15 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome2025: 36 studies, 10 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome20252026: 36 studies, 11 naming the Picture Naming Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 3 planned to start after 2026.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200211
200311
200422
200520
200610
200761
200863
200972
201042
201195
2012136
2013157
2014134
20152311
20161810
2017236
20182214
20193318
20203018
20214220
20223713
20234619
20243715
20253610
20263611

Library tests named most

  • Picture Naming Test466 studies, 201 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency206 studies, 79 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test189 studies, 66 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning180 studies, 73 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test148 studies, 51 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency127 studies, 57 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test97 studies, 35 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall74 studies, 30 as a primary outcome
  • Clock Drawing Task70 studies, 26 as a primary outcome
  • Short Story Recall65 studies, 29 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 28, other 438. Interventional 388, observational 78.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Picture Naming Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07813156Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary
  • Digit Span TestSecondary
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskSecondary
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary
NCT07772765Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants216Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome4 months
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome4 months
  • N-Back TaskSecondary4 months
  • Picture Naming TestOther outcome4 months
  • Matrix ReasoningOther outcome4 months
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskSecondary4 months
  • Digits-in-Noise TaskPrimary4 months
  • Gap Detection TaskSecondary10 weeks
NCT07759375Start2027PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants48Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary7 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary7 months
NCT07753382Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants36Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary6 months
NCT07734675Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants130Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary2 years
  • Verbal LearningPrimary2 years
  • Symbol CodingPrimary2 years
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary2 years
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary2 years
  • Cancellation TestPrimary2 years
  • Selective Reminding TaskPrimary2 years
NCT07726654Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants400Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary10 years
  • Verbal LearningPrimary10 years
  • Symbol CodingPrimary10 years
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary10 years
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary10 years
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary10 years
NCT07722169Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants48Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Category FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary13 weeks
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT07692399Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary12 months
NCT07688382Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary12 weeks
NCT07673198Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants12Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary1 week
NCT07667478Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary6 months
NCT07664865Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants250Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Symbol CodingPrimarysame day
  • Picture Naming TestPrimarysame day
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimarysame day
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimarysame day
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionPrimarysame day
  • Selective Reminding TaskPrimarysame day
NCT07652476Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsCancerParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Digit Span TestPrimarysame day
  • Symbol CodingPrimarysame day
  • Picture Naming TestPrimarysame day
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimarysame day
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimarysame day
NCT07650318Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Obesity and diabetesParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Short Story RecallSecondary6 months
  • Delayed Recall ModuleSecondary6 months
NCT07642518Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Obesity and diabetesParticipants38Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Short Story RecallSecondary6 months
NCT07638813Start2026PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants33Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
NCT07628686Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary12 months
  • Short Story RecallSecondary12 months
  • Cancellation TestSecondary12 months
NCT07608588Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary4 weeks
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary4 weeks
NCT07608510Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary
  • Verbal LearningSecondary
  • Verbal FluencySecondary
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary
NCT07580183Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, EpilepsyParticipants620Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary12 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary12 months
NCT07547800Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Healthy volunteersParticipants109Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Picture Naming TestOther outcome
NCT07540325Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Digit Span TestPrimarysame day
  • Picture Naming TestPrimarysame day
  • Line Angle MatchingPrimarysame day
NCT07519317Start2027PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Picture Naming TestOther outcomesame day
NCT07517380Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary6 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary6 months
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary6 months
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimary6 months
NCT07515261Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsAutismParticipants22Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary8 weeks

Page 1 of 19

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use the Picture Naming Test?

466 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 201 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use the Picture Naming Test?

Most often in dementia and Alzheimer's disease (104), stroke (99) and mild cognitive impairment (71).

Do new trials use the Picture Naming Test more or less?

2.8% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 2.8% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: about the same share.

Which tests do trials use with the Picture Naming Test?

Verbal Fluency (206 studies), the Trail Making Test (189 studies) and Verbal Learning (180 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 trials that use the Picture Naming Test enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 43 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 24 to 108. 42 of them give a size.

When do trials measure the Picture Naming Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Picture Naming Test are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 weeks to 6 months. 189 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use the Picture Naming Test have reported results?

92 of the 184 completed studies that name it, 50%, have reported results: 54 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 56 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 18 did both. The other 92 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Picture Naming Test: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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