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    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
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  5. /Token Commands Task

Clinical trials data

Token Commands Task in clinical trials: 36 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Token Commands Task in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
36
Name it in a primary outcome, 33%
12 of 36
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.2% in 2016 to 2020
0.2%
By year
Median participants per study
60
By phase
Try the Token Commands Task

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.

  1. Stroke14 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  2. Dementia and Alzheimer's6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  3. Mild cognitive impairment4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  4. Brain injury and concussion2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  5. Cancer2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  6. Parkinson's disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  7. Obesity and diabetes1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. Delirium, surgery and intensive care1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  9. Cardiovascular disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  10. Epilepsy1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  11. Other conditions7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

The Token Commands Task is a primary outcome in 33% of its studies. Across the 5 language tests with a page here, the median is 33%.

  1. Picture Naming Test43% of 466 studies

  2. Vocabulary Test37% of 199 studies

  3. Token Commands Task33% of 36 studies

  4. Lexical Decision Task32% of 22 studies

  5. Serial Naming Task32% of 22 studies

Studies by start year

0.2% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.2% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 6 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 3 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200811
200910
201000
201100
201221
201322
201410
201511
201600
201741
201810
201930
202031
202120
202221
202360
202433
202521
202620

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 22 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/32 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 41 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable23 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Observational7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Not applicable50 median, 40 to 73
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names the Token Commands Task, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable235040 to 73

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Token Commands Task are measured within 4 months of the start, and the middle half from 5 weeks to 17 months. 10 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day3 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks3 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months13 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months6 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months5 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years3 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given2 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

34 of the 36 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed13 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown12 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral11 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Drug3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Device13 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • None given2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • Italy12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • China4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • United States4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Spain2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Canada1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Colombia1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Finland1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Germany1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • India1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

13 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 5 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name the Token Commands Task: 4 of 13, 31%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name the Token Commands Task and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name the Token Commands TaskEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper0, 0%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only1, 8%1,139, 14%
A results paper only3, 23%1,711, 22%
Neither9, 69%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming the Token Commands Task name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Verbal Fluency19 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Picture Naming Test11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Digit Span Test10 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Category Fluency8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Cancellation Test8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Stroop Color-Word Test8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Matrix Reasoning8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Verbal Learning7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Trail Making Test7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for the Token Commands Task and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Token Commands Task36 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Verbal Fluency1,737 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Picture Naming Test463 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Digit Span Test1,619 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearToken Commands TaskVerbal FluencyPicture Naming TestDigit Span Test
20000103
20010102
20020311
20030414
20040924
200501927
20060914
2007022614
2008118619
2009129722
2010029437
2011036926
20122341336
20132581544
20141591349
20151792379
20160851869
20174932382
201811072285
2019312133110
20203903090
2021213142122
2022212337121
2023614746164
2024313037141
2025216736147
2026213336137

Explore the 36 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestThe Token Commands Task

36 studies match. 12 name the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome. Median size 60 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 4 months.

Loading 36 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
02462000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 1 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 2 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2015: 1 studies, 1 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome20152016: 0 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 1 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2018: 1 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2020: 3 studies, 1 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome20202021: 2 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2022: 2 studies, 1 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2023: 6 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2024: 3 studies, 3 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome2025: 2 studies, 1 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome20252026: 2 studies, 0 naming the Token Commands Task in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200811
200910
201000
201100
201221
201322
201410
201511
201600
201741
201810
201930
202031
202120
202221
202360
202433
202521
202620

Library tests named most

  • Token Commands Task36 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency19 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test10 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Cancellation Test8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Matrix Reasoning8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Conditions

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 2, other 34. Interventional 29, observational 7.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Token Commands Task

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07792811Start2026PhasePhase 2/3ConditionsStrokeParticipants84Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondary14 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary14 weeks
  • Line Bisection TestSecondary14 weeks
  • Design Fluency TestSecondary14 weeks
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary14 weeks
NCT07722169Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants48Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Category FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary13 weeks
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT07563114Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants63Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Tower PlanningPrimary1 week
  • Token Commands TaskPrimary1 week
NCT07500103Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary9 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary9 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary9 weeks
  • Mental RotationSecondary9 weeks
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary9 weeks
  • Social Slips Stories TaskSecondary9 weeks
  • Face Impressions TaskPrimary9 weeks
NCT07164768Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants400Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary3 years
  • Verbal LearningPrimary3 years
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary3 years
  • Digit Span TestPrimary3 years
  • Category FluencyPrimary3 years
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary3 years
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary3 years
  • Cancellation TestPrimary3 years
  • Simple Reaction TimePrimary3 years
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary3 years
  • Finger Tapping TaskPrimary3 years
  • Symbol Scan TaskPrimary3 years
  • Token Commands TaskPrimary3 years
NCT06493747Start2020PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants82Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT06451731Start2015PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants44Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary
  • Digit Span TestPrimary
  • Category FluencyPrimary
  • Token Commands TaskPrimary
NCT06408103Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants102Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary9 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary9 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary9 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary9 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary9 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary9 months
  • Token Commands TaskPrimary9 months
NCT06210022Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsEpilepsyParticipants130Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary
  • Token Commands TaskPrimary
NCT05999318Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT05957445Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT05957354Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT05929534Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT05706831Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cancellation TestPrimary4 weeks
  • Token Commands TaskPrimary4 weeks
NCT05641220Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsCancerParticipants325Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT05545007Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancerParticipants146Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary12 months
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary12 months
NCT05468268Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary6 months
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary6 months
  • Cancellation TestSecondary6 months
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary6 months
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary6 months
NCT04963803Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants23Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary11 weeks
  • Attention Network TestSecondary11 weeks
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary11 weeks
NCT04866979Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary5 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary5 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary5 months
  • Category FluencySecondary5 months
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary5 months
  • Cancellation TestSecondary5 months
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary5 months
  • Face-name Memory TaskPrimary5 months
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary5 months
NCT04520802Start2019PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants15Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary6 months
NCT04424199Start2019PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants74Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
  • Cancellation TestSecondarysame day
  • Line Bisection TestSecondarysame day
  • Token Commands TaskSecondarysame day
  • Time Estimation TaskPrimary
NCT04419818Start2019PhaseObservationalConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants96Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Token Commands TaskSecondarysame day
  • Time Estimation TaskPrimarysame day
NCT04413240Start2020PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Token Commands TaskPrimary8 weeks
NCT04390646Start2020PhasePhase 2/3ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants56Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary6 months
  • Token Commands TaskSecondary6 months
NCT04373837Start2018PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondary2 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Secondarysame day
  • Cancellation TestSecondarysame day
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary2 weeks
  • Line Bisection TestSecondarysame day
  • Token Commands TaskSecondarysame day
  • Time Estimation TaskPrimary2 weeks

Page 1 of 2

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use the Token Commands Task?

36 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 12 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use the Token Commands Task?

Most often in stroke (14), dementia and Alzheimer's disease (6) and mild cognitive impairment (4).

Do new trials use the Token Commands Task more or less?

0.2% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.2% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: a share 14% smaller.

Which tests do trials use with the Token Commands Task?

Verbal Fluency (19 studies), the Picture Naming Test (11 studies) and the Digit Span Test (10 studies).

When do trials measure the Token Commands Task?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Token Commands Task are measured within 4 months of the start, and the middle half from 5 weeks to 17 months. 10 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use the Token Commands Task have reported results?

4 of the 13 completed studies that name it, 31%, have reported results: 1 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 3 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 0 did both. The other 9 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Token Commands Task: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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