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  5. /Spatial Working Memory

Clinical trials data

Spatial Working Memory in clinical trials: 78 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Spatial Working Memory in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
78
Name it in a primary outcome, 46%
36 of 78
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.4% in 2016 to 2020
0.5%
By year
Median participants per study
60
By phase
Try Spatial Working Memory

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.
  1. Schizophrenia and psychosis9 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  2. ADHD8 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  3. Dementia and Alzheimer's7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  4. Depression and bipolar disorder7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  5. Healthy volunteers6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  6. Brain injury and concussion5 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  7. Substance use and addiction5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  8. Pain and fatigue5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  9. Cancer4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  10. Cognitive impairment and decline4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  11. Aging, frailty and exercise4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  12. Mild cognitive impairment3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  13. Obesity and diabetes3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  14. Sleep and sleep disorders3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  15. Anxiety, PTSD and OCD3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  16. Stroke2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  17. Autism2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  18. Parkinson's disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  19. Cardiovascular disease1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  20. Lung disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  21. Other conditions11 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

Spatial Working Memory is a primary outcome in 46% of its studies. Across the 10 working memory tests with a page here, the median is 45%.
  1. Sternberg Memory Scanning50% of 38 studies

  2. Operation Span50% of 24 studies

  3. Mental Rotation48% of 64 studies

  4. N-Back Task48% of 790 studies

  5. Spatial Working Memory46% of 78 studies

  6. Letter-Number Sequencing Task43% of 184 studies

  7. Corsi Block-Tapping Test43% of 181 studies

  8. Digit Span Test37% of 1,629 studies

  9. Reading Span Task36% of 22 studies

  10. Size Order Memory Test35% of 162 studies

Studies by start year

0.5% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.4% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 5 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 7 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 11 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 7 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 7 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 5 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200011
200100
200200
200300
200400
200511
200600
200700
200800
200900
201000
201110
201241
201353
201475
201510
201621
201720
201852
201952
202042
2021115
202273
202352
202473
202554
202651

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 11 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 18 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 25 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 32 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 42 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable53 studies, 24 as a primary outcome
  • Observational6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Not applicable55 median, 25 to 103
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names Spatial Working Memory, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable535525 to 103

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Spatial Working Memory are measured within 8 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 14 weeks. 35 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day16 outcomes, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks15 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months16 outcomes, 10 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months14 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months10 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years3 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years2 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given2 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

76 of the 78 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed44 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown8 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral24 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Drug21 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Device15 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other21 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • None given5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States27 studies, 15 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Australia4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Canada4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Italy4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • India3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Ireland3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Norway3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • France2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

30 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 4 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name Spatial Working Memory: 15 of 44, 34%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name Spatial Working Memory and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name Spatial Working MemoryEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper2, 5%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only4, 9%1,139, 14%
A results paper only9, 20%1,711, 22%
Neither29, 66%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming Spatial Working Memory name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Paired Associate Learning20 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Rapid Visual Information Processing18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Learning14 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Digit Span Test12 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    N-Back Task11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Stop-Signal Task11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Trail Making Test10 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Stroop Color-Word Test9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Tower Planning9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Verbal Fluency9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for Spatial Working Memory and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Spatial Working Memory78 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Paired Associate Learning202 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Rapid Visual Information Processing203 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Verbal Learning1,819 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearSpatial Working MemoryPaired Associate LearningRapid Visual Information ProcessingVerbal Learning
20001001
20010005
20020008
200300014
200402214
200510317
200601013
200701222
200802128
200907328
201004742
2011141033
201243442
2013511853
20147121182
201519691
2016251098
201721113107
20185111892
201951411122
2020411876
2021112414137
202271720138
202351514157
20247149144
202551416132
202651013123

Explore the 78 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestSpatial Working Memory

78 studies match. 36 name Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome. Median size 60 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 8 weeks.

Loading 78 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
0510152000: 1 studies, 1 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2005: 1 studies, 1 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2012: 4 studies, 1 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2013: 5 studies, 3 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2014: 7 studies, 5 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2015: 1 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome20152016: 2 studies, 1 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 0 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2018: 5 studies, 2 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2019: 5 studies, 2 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2020: 4 studies, 2 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome20202021: 11 studies, 5 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2022: 7 studies, 3 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2023: 5 studies, 2 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2024: 7 studies, 3 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome2025: 5 studies, 4 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome20252026: 5 studies, 1 naming Spatial Working Memory in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200011
200100
200200
200300
200400
200511
200600
200700
200800
200900
201000
201110
201241
201353
201475
201510
201621
201720
201852
201952
202042
2021115
202273
202352
202473
202554
202651

Library tests named most

  • Spatial Working Memory78 studies, 36 as a primary outcome
  • Paired Associate Learning20 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Rapid Visual Information Processing18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning14 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test12 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Stop-Signal Task11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test10 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Tower Planning9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 14, other 64. Interventional 72, observational 6.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeSpatial Working Memory

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07846865Start2026PhasePhase 2/3ConditionsObesity and diabetes, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants256Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskOther outcome12 months
  • Spatial Working MemoryOther outcome12 months
NCT07820475Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants400Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary3 weeks
NCT07770035Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants196Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 years
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary12 years
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary12 years
  • Delayed Match-to-SamplePrimary12 years
NCT07751614Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Paired Associate LearningOther outcome4 weeks
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionOther outcome4 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemoryOther outcome4 weeks
NCT07583979Start2026PhasePhase 3ConditionsCancerParticipants168Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Paired Associate LearningPrimary4 months
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingPrimary4 months
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary4 months
NCT07462715Start2026PhasePhase 4ConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondarysame day
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondarysame day
NCT07404085Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants160Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary8 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Tower PlanningPrimary8 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingPrimary8 weeks
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionPrimary8 weeks
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary8 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary8 weeks
  • One-Touch Tower PlanningPrimary8 weeks
NCT07105449Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants48Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondarysame day
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondarysame day
NCT06965491Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigue, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants18Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary1 week
NCT06944847Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants64Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • N-Back TaskPrimarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimarysame day
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimarysame day
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Purchase TaskPrimarysame day
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimarysame day
NCT06846827Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 weeks
  • N-Back TaskPrimary12 weeks
  • Task Switching TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Delayed Recall ModulePrimary12 weeks
  • Finger Tapping TaskPrimary12 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary12 weeks
NCT06687161Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary6 months
NCT06570369Start2024PhasePhase 1ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Healthy volunteersParticipants26Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Symbol CodingSecondary2 weeks
  • Paired Associate LearningSecondary2 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary2 weeks
NCT06567444Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsADHDParticipants122Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary2 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary1 week
NCT06524310Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsAutismParticipants35Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary13 weeks
NCT06469593Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary4 months
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondary4 months
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary4 months
  • Delayed Match-to-SampleSecondary4 months
NCT06398496Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Tower PlanningSecondary12 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondary12 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary12 weeks
  • One-Touch Tower PlanningSecondary12 weeks
NCT06359236Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary10 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondary10 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary10 weeks
NCT06183788Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary18 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary18 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary18 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary18 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary18 months
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary18 months
  • Category FluencyPrimary18 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary18 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary18 months
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionSecondary18 months
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary18 months
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary18 months
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary18 months
NCT06121284Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants54Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primary2 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary6 months
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary6 months
NCT06077292Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants110Lead sponsorOtherStatusStopped earlyLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary5 weeks
  • Tower PlanningPrimary5 weeks
  • Paired Associate LearningPrimary5 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingPrimary5 weeks
  • Purchase TaskOther outcomesame day
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary5 weeks
  • Delayed Match-to-SamplePrimary5 weeks
  • One-Touch Tower PlanningPrimary5 weeks
  • Recognition Memory TestPrimary5 weeks
NCT06068322Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Lung diseaseParticipants208Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary2 years
  • Paired Associate LearningPrimary2 years
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary2 years
  • Face-name Memory TaskSecondary2 years
  • Recognition Memory TestSecondary2 years
NCT06038955Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants62Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyOther outcome13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestOther outcome13 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Other outcome13 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingOther outcome13 weeks
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskOther outcome13 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemoryOther outcome13 weeks
NCT05693441Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants62Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 weeks
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Paired Associate LearningPrimary12 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary12 weeks
  • Recognition Memory TestPrimary12 weeks
NCT05662280Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimarysame day

Page 1 of 4

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use Spatial Working Memory?

78 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 36 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use Spatial Working Memory?

Most often in schizophrenia and psychosis (9), ADHD (8) and dementia and Alzheimer's disease (7).

Do new trials use Spatial Working Memory more or less?

0.5% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.4% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: a share 23% larger.

Which tests do trials use with Spatial Working Memory?

Paired Associate Learning (20 studies), Rapid Visual Information Processing (18 studies) and Verbal Learning (14 studies).

When do trials measure Spatial Working Memory?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Spatial Working Memory are measured within 8 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 14 weeks. 35 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use Spatial Working Memory have reported results?

15 of the 44 completed studies that name it, 34%, have reported results: 6 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 11 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 2 did both. The other 29 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Spatial Working Memory: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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