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  1. Home
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  5. /Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift

Clinical trials data

Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in clinical trials: 50 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
50
Name it in a primary outcome, 36%
18 of 50
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.2% in 2016 to 2020
0.4%
By year
Median participants per study
54
By phase
Try Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.
  1. Depression and bipolar disorder12 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  2. Anxiety, PTSD and OCD9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  3. Healthy volunteers7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  4. Substance use and addiction5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  5. Autism4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  6. Sleep and sleep disorders4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  7. Schizophrenia and psychosis3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  8. ADHD3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. Obesity and diabetes3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. Pain and fatigue3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  11. Mild cognitive impairment2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  12. Stroke2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  13. Cardiovascular disease2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  14. Brain injury and concussion1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  15. Parkinson's disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  16. Cognitive impairment and decline1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  17. Aging, frailty and exercise1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  18. COVID-19 and long COVID1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  19. Epilepsy1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  20. Other conditions8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift is a primary outcome in 36% of its studies. Across the 30 executive function tests with a page here, the median is 37%.
  1. Cue Reactivity Task56% of 188 studies

  2. Stroop Color-Word Test41% of 1,929 studies

  3. Tower Planning40% of 247 studies

  4. Task Switching Test40% of 334 studies

  5. Dimensional Change Card Sort38% of 214 studies

  6. Verbal Fluency37% of 1,745 studies

  7. Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift36% of 50 studies

  8. Delay Discounting36% of 257 studies

  9. Clock Drawing Task35% of 281 studies

  10. Matrix Reasoning35% of 272 studies

  11. Card Sorting Test (Berg)34% of 411 studies

  12. Trail Making Test31% of 2,293 studies

  13. AX Continuous Performance Test17% of 191 studies

Studies by start year

0.4% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.2% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 8 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 7 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 6 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200800
200900
201020
201131
201200
201310
201410
201500
201611
201721
201800
201932
202043
202141
202263
202381
202410
202571
202663

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 12 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/22 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 27 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 44 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable27 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Observational8 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Not applicable43 median, 20 to 120
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable264320 to 120

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift are measured within 4 months of the start, and the middle half from 3 weeks to 11 months. 15 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day4 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks8 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months12 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months8 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months5 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years2 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years4 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given7 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

43 of the 50 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting13 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed15 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown10 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral13 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Drug17 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Device4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • None given2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United Kingdom9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • United States7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Canada3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • China3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Norway3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Singapore3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Ireland2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Australia1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Chile1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

18 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 2 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift: 4 of 15, 27%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper0, 0%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only2, 13%1,139, 14%
A results paper only2, 13%1,711, 22%
Neither11, 73%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Stop-Signal Task17 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Paired Associate Learning16 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Rapid Visual Information Processing16 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Tower Planning13 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Digit Span Test10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Emoji Emotion Recognition9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Verbal Fluency9 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Stroop Color-Word Test8 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Probabilistic Reversal Learning8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Verbal Learning8 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift49 studies, 2000 to 2026
025502000201020202026
Stop-Signal Task320 studies, 2000 to 2026
025502000201020202026
Paired Associate Learning202 studies, 2000 to 2026
025502000201020202026
Rapid Visual Information Processing203 studies, 2000 to 2026
025502000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearIntra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftStop-Signal TaskPaired Associate LearningRapid Visual Information Processing
20000000
20010000
20020000
20030000
20040022
20050103
20060010
20070012
20080221
20090173
20102447
201132410
20120434
2013111118
20141161211
201501296
2016119510
20172181113
20180301118
20193371411
2020418118
20214212414
20226241720
20238291514
2024133149
20257171416
20266211013

Explore the 50 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestIntra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift

50 studies match. 18 name Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome. Median size 54 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 4 months.

Loading 50 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
024682000: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome20102011: 3 studies, 1 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2015: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome20152016: 1 studies, 1 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 1 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2018: 0 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 2 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2020: 4 studies, 3 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 1 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 3 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2023: 8 studies, 1 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2024: 1 studies, 0 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome2025: 7 studies, 1 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome20252026: 6 studies, 3 naming Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 that started before 2000.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200800
200900
201020
201131
201200
201310
201410
201500
201611
201721
201800
201932
202043
202141
202263
202381
202410
202571
202663

Library tests named most

  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift50 studies, 18 as a primary outcome
  • Stop-Signal Task17 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Paired Associate Learning16 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Rapid Visual Information Processing16 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Tower Planning13 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Emoji Emotion Recognition9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency9 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test8 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Probabilistic Reversal Learning8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: other 50. Interventional 42, observational 8.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeIntra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07881016Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorder, AutismParticipants3,000Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary
NCT07807176Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary13 weeks
  • Paired Associate LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingPrimary13 weeks
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimary13 weeks
NCT07716072Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsADHD, AutismParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary12 weeks
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary12 weeks
NCT07556250Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants225Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary1 week
  • Task Switching TestPrimary1 week
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary2 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary2 weeks
  • Tower PlanningSecondary1 week
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondary1 week
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningPrimary1 week
  • One-Touch Tower PlanningSecondary1 week
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimary1 week
  • Betting Choice TaskSecondary1 week
  • Alternative Uses TaskSecondary1 week
  • Social Value OrientationSecondary2 weeks
  • Remote Associates TestSecondary1 week
  • Repeated Prisoner's DilemmaSecondary2 weeks
  • Ellsberg Urns TaskSecondary2 weeks
NCT07511439Start2026PhasePhase 4ConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome12 months
  • Verbal FluencyOther outcome12 months
  • Symbol CodingOther outcome12 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallOther outcome12 months
  • Simple Reaction TimeOther outcome12 months
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionOther outcome12 months
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskOther outcome12 months
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningOther outcome12 months
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftOther outcome12 months
NCT07373431Start2020PhaseNot applicableConditionsAutism, EpilepsyParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Tower PlanningPrimary6 months
  • Paired Associate LearningWording unclear
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimary6 months
NCT07319117Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disorders, Anxiety, PTSD and OCD, Pain and fatigue, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingPrimary
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimary
NCT07296874Start2026PhasePhase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants92Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Digit Span TestPrimarysame day
  • N-Back TaskPrimarysame day
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimarysame day
  • Category FluencyOther outcomesame day
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimarysame day
  • Prospective Memory TaskPrimarysame day
NCT07073781Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary12 weeks
  • Choice Reaction TimeSecondary12 weeks
  • Paired Associate LearningSecondary12 weeks
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary12 weeks
  • Recognition Memory TestPrimary12 weeks
NCT06866639Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskOther outcome6 months
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftOther outcome6 months
NCT06751784Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants38Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondary1 week
  • Digit Span TestSecondary1 week
  • N-Back TaskPrimary1 week
  • Tower PlanningSecondary1 week
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary1 week
NCT06718569Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants350Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondarysame day
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondarysame day
NCT06258031Start2022PhasePhase 1ConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants19Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Paired Associate LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimary4 weeks
NCT06183788Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary18 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary18 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary18 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary18 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary18 months
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary18 months
  • Category FluencyPrimary18 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary18 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary18 months
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionSecondary18 months
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary18 months
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary18 months
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary18 months
NCT06139705Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants160Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondarysame day
  • Delayed Match-to-SampleSecondarysame day
  • One-Touch Tower PlanningSecondarysame day
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondarysame day
NCT06121284Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants54Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primary2 weeks
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary6 months
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary6 months
NCT06090422Start2025PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Substance use and addictionParticipants34Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskOther outcome3 days
  • Paired Associate LearningOther outcome3 days
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftOther outcome3 days
NCT06032377Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disorders, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants275Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Short Story RecallSecondary6 months
  • Paired Associate LearningSecondary6 months
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondary6 months
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimary6 months
  • Pattern Recognition MemorySecondary6 months
NCT05963659Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Choice Reaction TimeSecondary2 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondary2 weeks
  • Delayed Match-to-SamplePrimary2 weeks
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary2 weeks
  • Betting Choice TaskSecondary2 weeks
NCT05946083Start2023PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants82Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary
  • Cue Reactivity TaskSecondary
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionSecondary
  • Delayed Match-to-SampleSecondary
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary
  • Betting Choice TaskSecondary
  • Emotional Face Matching TaskSecondary
  • Think and No-Think TaskSecondary
NCT05931562Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondary8 weeks
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionSecondary8 weeks
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondary8 weeks
  • Emotional Stroop TaskSecondary8 weeks
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary8 weeks
  • Pattern Recognition MemorySecondary8 weeks
NCT05931536Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants350Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondary
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionSecondary
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondary
  • Emotional Stroop TaskSecondary
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary
  • Pattern Recognition MemorySecondary
NCT05651620Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants216Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingSecondary16 years
  • Delayed Match-to-SampleSecondary16 years
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary16 years
NCT05624528Start2023PhasePhase 2ConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants49Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Tower PlanningSecondary8 weeks
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • One-Touch Tower PlanningSecondary8 weeks
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary8 weeks
  • Betting Choice TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT05611788Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants108Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal FluencySecondary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary1 week
  • Task Switching TestPrimary1 week
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary1 week
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimary1 week
  • Block Copy TestSecondary1 week
  • Trust GameSecondary8 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary1 week
  • Alternative Uses TaskSecondary1 week
  • Social Value OrientationSecondary8 weeks
  • Remote Associates TestSecondary1 week

Page 1 of 2

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift?

50 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 18 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift?

Most often in depression and bipolar disorder (12), anxiety, PTSD and OCD (9) and healthy volunteers (7).

Do new trials use Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift more or less?

0.4% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.2% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: a share 65% larger.

Which tests do trials use with Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift?

The Stop-Signal Task (17 studies), Paired Associate Learning (16 studies) and Rapid Visual Information Processing (16 studies).

When do trials measure Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift are measured within 4 months of the start, and the middle half from 3 weeks to 11 months. 15 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift have reported results?

4 of the 15 completed studies that name it, 27%, have reported results: 2 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 2 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 0 did both. The other 11 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set Shift: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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