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  5. /Block Copy Test

Clinical trials data

Block Copy Test in clinical trials: 33 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Block Copy Test in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
33
Name it in a primary outcome, 36%
12 of 33
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.3% in 2016 to 2020
0.1%
By year
Median participants per study
86
By phase
Try the Block Copy Test

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.
  1. Mild cognitive impairment7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  2. Dementia and Alzheimer's6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  3. Depression and bipolar disorder5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  4. Stroke3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  5. Healthy volunteers2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  6. Cognitive impairment and decline2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  7. Aging, frailty and exercise2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. Autism2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. Cardiovascular disease2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  10. Parkinson's disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  11. Multiple sclerosis1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  12. Obesity and diabetes1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  13. Pain and fatigue1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  14. Other conditions11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

The Block Copy Test is a primary outcome in 36% of its studies. Across the 30 executive function tests with a page here, the median is 37%.
  1. Cue Reactivity Task56% of 188 studies

  2. Stroop Color-Word Test41% of 1,929 studies

  3. Tower Planning40% of 247 studies

  4. Task Switching Test40% of 334 studies

  5. Dimensional Change Card Sort38% of 214 studies

  6. Verbal Fluency37% of 1,745 studies

  7. Block Copy Test36% of 33 studies

  8. Delay Discounting36% of 257 studies

  9. Clock Drawing Task35% of 281 studies

  10. Matrix Reasoning35% of 272 studies

  11. Card Sorting Test (Berg)34% of 411 studies

  12. Trail Making Test31% of 2,293 studies

  13. AX Continuous Performance Test17% of 191 studies

Studies by start year

0.1% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.3% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200311
200400
200500
200600
200710
200810
200900
201000
201110
201211
201321
201400
201532
201631
201731
201832
201920
202022
202100
202230
202330
202410
202531
202600

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 1/22 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 21 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 41 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable19 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Observational9 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Not applicable80 median, 59 to 160
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names the Block Copy Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable198059 to 160

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Block Copy Test are measured within 7 months of the start, and the middle half from 3 weeks to 19 months. 12 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day4 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks3 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months6 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months4 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years5 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years7 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

32 of the 33 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Completed18 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Drug7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Device1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other9 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • None given4 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Singapore5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Canada3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Spain3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • China2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Italy2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • South Korea2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Azerbaijan1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Egypt1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Kazakhstan1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Poland1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

14 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 1 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name the Block Copy Test: 7 of 18, 39%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name the Block Copy Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name the Block Copy TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper2, 11%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only3, 17%1,139, 14%
A results paper only2, 11%1,711, 22%
Neither11, 61%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming the Block Copy Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Verbal Learning17 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Digit Span Test16 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Trail Making Test10 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Stroop Color-Word Test8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Matrix Reasoning7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Verbal Fluency6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Picture Naming Test5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Short Story Recall4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for the Block Copy Test and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Block Copy Test33 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Verbal Learning1,819 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Digit Span Test1,619 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Trail Making Test2,281 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearBlock Copy TestVerbal LearningDigit Span TestTrail Making Test
20000132
20010520
20020813
200311448
2004014410
2005017714
2006013414
20071221421
20081281917
20090282229
20100423732
20111332647
20121423644
20132534460
20140824966
20153917985
201639869103
2017310782122
201839285117
20192122110155
202027690122
20210137122172
20223138121188
20233157164228
20241144141211
20253132147210
20260123137201

Explore the 33 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestThe Block Copy Test

33 studies match. 12 name the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome. Median size 86 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 7 months.

Loading 33 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
01232000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 1 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 1 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2014: 0 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 2 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome20152016: 3 studies, 1 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2017: 3 studies, 1 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2018: 3 studies, 2 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2019: 2 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 2 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome20202021: 0 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2022: 3 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2024: 1 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome2025: 3 studies, 1 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome20252026: 0 studies, 0 naming the Block Copy Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200311
200400
200500
200600
200710
200810
200900
201000
201110
201211
201321
201400
201532
201631
201731
201832
201920
202022
202100
202230
202330
202410
202531
202600

Library tests named most

  • Block Copy Test33 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning17 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test16 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test10 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Matrix Reasoning7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: other 33. Interventional 24, observational 9.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Block Copy Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07629349Start2020PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants600Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary6 months
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary6 months
  • Block Copy TestPrimary6 months
NCT07485387Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorder, Pain and fatigueParticipants180Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Block Copy TestPrimary12 months
NCT07396025Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestOther outcome2 years
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome2 years
  • Block Copy TestOther outcome2 years
NCT07165977Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants110Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary13 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningOther outcome
  • Cancellation TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Recognition Memory TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Block Copy TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT06788028Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants1,200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Tower PlanningSecondary2 years
  • Block Copy TestSecondary2 years
NCT06701240Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants199Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary
  • Block Copy TestSecondary
NCT06196060Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsAutismParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionPrimary13 weeks
  • Mental RotationSecondary13 weeks
  • Block Copy TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT06041152Start2023PhasePhase 2ConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary3 years
  • Verbal LearningSecondary3 years
  • Verbal FluencySecondary3 years
  • Symbol CodingSecondary3 years
  • Category FluencySecondary3 years
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary3 years
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Secondary3 years
  • Short Story RecallSecondary3 years
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary3 years
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary3 years
  • Block Copy TestSecondary3 years
NCT05767242Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Block Copy TestSecondary4.5 years
NCT05611788Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants108Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal FluencySecondary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary1 week
  • Task Switching TestPrimary1 week
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary1 week
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimary1 week
  • Block Copy TestSecondary1 week
  • Trust GameSecondary8 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary1 week
  • Alternative Uses TaskSecondary1 week
  • Social Value OrientationSecondary8 weeks
  • Remote Associates TestSecondary1 week
NCT05382338Start2023PhasePhase 3ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants225Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Block Copy TestSecondary5 years
NCT04873518Start2017PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants939Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary3 years
  • Dimensional Change Card SortPrimary3 years
  • Vocabulary TestPrimary3 years
  • Block Copy TestPrimary3 years
  • Self-Ordered Pointing TaskPrimary3 years
NCT04538872Start2020PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants37Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestSecondarysame day
  • Block Copy TestPrimary4 days
NCT03963557Start2018PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimarysame day
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimarysame day
  • Block Copy TestPrimarysame day
NCT03808675Start2019PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's disease, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants57Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskPrimary12 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary12 months
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary12 months
  • Block Copy TestSecondary12 months
NCT03641404Start2019PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants19Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Block Copy TestSecondary12 months
NCT03548558Start2018PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants1,152Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Block Copy TestPrimary3 years
NCT03530462Start2017PhaseObservationalConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants22Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Block Copy TestSecondary6 months
NCT03479970Start2018PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknown

Paper

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondarysame day
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondarysame day
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Secondarysame day
  • Task Switching TestSecondarysame day
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskSecondarysame day
  • Block Copy TestSecondarysame day
NCT03405675Start2003PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorder, Healthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants6,183Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknown

Paper

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary20 years
  • Digit Span TestPrimary20 years
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary20 years
  • Short Story RecallPrimary20 years
  • Block Copy TestPrimary20 years
  • Clock Reading TaskPrimary20 years
NCT03326349Start2017PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants41Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondarysame day
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Digit Span TestPrimarysame day
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimarysame day
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Secondarysame day
  • Task Switching TestSecondarysame day
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimarysame day
  • Block Copy TestSecondarysame day
NCT03199937Start2015PhaseNot applicableConditionsAutismParticipants68Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary13 months
  • Tower PlanningPrimary13 months
  • Vocabulary TestPrimary13 months
  • Block Copy TestPrimary13 months
NCT02999282Start2016PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Block Copy TestSecondary6 months
  • Semantic Triads TaskSecondary6 months
  • Picture Matching TaskSecondary6 months
NCT02919748Start2015PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants360Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknown

Paper

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 years
  • Digit Span TestSecondary2 years
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary2 years
  • Block Copy TestSecondary2 years
NCT02915237Start2016PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants36Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Block Copy TestSecondary6 months

Page 1 of 2

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use the Block Copy Test?

33 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 12 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use the Block Copy Test?

Most often in mild cognitive impairment (7), dementia and Alzheimer's disease (6) and depression and bipolar disorder (5).

Do new trials use the Block Copy Test more or less?

0.1% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.3% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: a share 51% smaller.

Which tests do trials use with the Block Copy Test?

Verbal Learning (17 studies), the Digit Span Test (16 studies) and the Trail Making Test (10 studies).

When do trials measure the Block Copy Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Block Copy Test are measured within 7 months of the start, and the middle half from 3 weeks to 19 months. 12 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use the Block Copy Test have reported results?

7 of the 18 completed studies that name it, 39%, have reported results: 5 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 4 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 2 did both. The other 11 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Block Copy Test: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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