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Clinical trials data

Reading Span Task in clinical trials: 22 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Reading Span Task in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
22
Name it in a primary outcome, 36%
8 of 22
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.2% in 2016 to 2020
0.1%
By year
Median participants per study
90
By phase
Try the Reading Span Task

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.
  1. Anxiety, PTSD and OCD6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  2. Depression and bipolar disorder5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  3. Hearing loss5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  4. Brain injury and concussion2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  5. Healthy volunteers2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  6. Aging, frailty and exercise2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  7. Schizophrenia and psychosis1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. Substance use and addiction1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  9. Sleep and sleep disorders1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. Delirium, surgery and intensive care1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  11. Pain and fatigue1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  12. Other conditions4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

The Reading Span Task is a primary outcome in 36% of its studies. Across the 10 working memory tests with a page here, the median is 45%.
  1. Sternberg Memory Scanning50% of 38 studies

  2. Operation Span50% of 24 studies

  3. Mental Rotation48% of 64 studies

  4. N-Back Task48% of 790 studies

  5. Spatial Working Memory46% of 78 studies

  6. Letter-Number Sequencing Task43% of 184 studies

  7. Corsi Block-Tapping Test43% of 181 studies

  8. Digit Span Test37% of 1,629 studies

  9. Reading Span Task36% of 22 studies

  10. Size Order Memory Test35% of 162 studies

Studies by start year

0.1% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.2% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200800
200900
201000
201110
201221
201310
201410
201500
201610
201710
201832
201920
202021
202141
202211
202322
202410
202500
202600

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 2/31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Observational3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Not applicable90 median, 54 to 108
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names the Reading Span Task, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable179054 to 108

When trials measure it

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day2 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks5 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months10 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months2 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months2 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

22 of the 22 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed15 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral16 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Drug1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Device5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States13 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Canada1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • France1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Singapore1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

6 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 1 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name the Reading Span Task: 9 of 15, 60%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name the Reading Span Task and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name the Reading Span TaskEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper0, 0%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only7, 47%1,139, 14%
A results paper only2, 13%1,711, 22%
Neither6, 40%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming the Reading Span Task name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Digit Span Test7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Trail Making Test5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    N-Back Task5 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Stroop Color-Word Test4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Matrix Reasoning4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Go/No-Go Task3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Operation Span3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Keep-Track Task2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Task Switching Test2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Dimensional Change Card Sort2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for the Reading Span Task and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Reading Span Task22 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Digit Span Test1,619 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Trail Making Test2,281 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
N-Back Task787 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearReading Span TaskDigit Span TestTrail Making TestN-Back Task
20000320
20010200
20020132
20030482
200404100
200507144
200604143
20070142110
20080191710
2009022295
20100373211
20111264720
20122364414
20131446023
20141496625
20150798525
201616910332
201718212251
201838511754
2019211015559
202029012230
2021412217270
2022112118862
2023216422871
2024114121169
2025014721067
2026013720168

Explore the 22 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestThe Reading Span Task

22 studies match. 8 name the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome. Median size 90 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 12 weeks.

Loading 22 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
012342000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 1 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2015: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome20152016: 1 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2017: 1 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2018: 3 studies, 2 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2019: 2 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 1 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 1 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2022: 1 studies, 1 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2023: 2 studies, 2 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2024: 1 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome2025: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome20252026: 0 studies, 0 naming the Reading Span Task in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200800
200900
201000
201110
201221
201310
201410
201500
201610
201710
201832
201920
202021
202141
202211
202322
202410
202500
202600

Library tests named most

  • Reading Span Task22 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task5 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Matrix Reasoning4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Go/No-Go Task3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Operation Span3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Keep-Track Task2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Task Switching Test2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Conditions

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: other 22. Interventional 19, observational 3.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Reading Span Task

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT06273527Start2024PhasePhase 2/3ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants128Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary16 weeks
  • Dimensional Change Card SortSecondary16 weeks
  • Vocabulary TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary16 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskSecondary4 weeks
NCT05953311Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary13 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary13 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary13 weeks
NCT05672771Start2020PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Operation SpanPrimary6 weeks
  • Lexical Decision TaskPrimary6 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary6 weeks
NCT05611788Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants108Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal FluencySecondary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary1 week
  • Task Switching TestPrimary1 week
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary1 week
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimary1 week
  • Block Copy TestSecondary1 week
  • Trust GameSecondary8 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary1 week
  • Alternative Uses TaskSecondary1 week
  • Social Value OrientationSecondary8 weeks
  • Remote Associates TestSecondary1 week
NCT05399264Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsHearing lossParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Symbol CodingSecondary13 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary13 weeks
NCT05272397Start2019PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants36Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary
  • Vocabulary TestOther outcome
  • Operation SpanOther outcome4 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskOther outcome4 weeks
NCT04997577Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • N-Back TaskSecondary6 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskSecondary6 weeks
  • Auditory Streaming TaskSecondary6 weeks
NCT04912089Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants73Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary4 weeks
  • Dimensional Change Card SortSecondary4 weeks
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary4 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskSecondary4 weeks
NCT04854031Start2021PhaseObservationalConditionsHearing lossParticipants8Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimarysame day
  • Reading Span TaskPrimarysame day
  • Free Recall TaskPrimarysame day
  • Spectral Ripple TaskPrimarysame day
NCT04513782Start2020PhaseObservationalConditionsHealthy volunteers, Hearing lossParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Reading Span TaskSecondary6 years
NCT03874416Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants54Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • N-Back TaskSecondary9 months
  • Reading Span TaskSecondary9 months
  • Brown-Peterson TaskPrimary13 weeks
NCT03850678Start2019PhaseNot applicableConditionsHearing lossParticipants209Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Reading Span TaskSecondarysame day
NCT03532113Start2017PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper 1Paper 2Paper 3

Library tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 weeks
  • N-Back TaskSecondary6 weeks
  • Antisaccade TaskPrimary6 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Keep-Track TaskPrimary6 weeks
  • Running SpanPrimary6 weeks
NCT03316196Start2018PhaseNot applicableConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants81Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Emotion Regulation TaskSecondary8 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT03279510Start2018PhaseNot applicableConditionsHearing lossParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary12 months
NCT03208036Start2018PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants22Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • N-Back TaskSecondary6 months
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary6 months
  • AX Continuous Performance TestPrimary6 months
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary6 months
NCT02780739Start2014PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants521Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary16 weeks
  • N-Back TaskSecondary16 weeks
  • Task Switching TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Delayed Recall ModuleSecondary16 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskSecondary16 weeks
  • Symmetry Span TaskSecondary16 weeks
  • Keep-Track TaskSecondary16 weeks
  • Rotation Span TaskSecondary16 weeks
NCT02766296Start2016PhaseNot applicableConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants33Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Operation SpanSecondary5 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskSecondary5 weeks
  • Symmetry Span TaskSecondary5 weeks
NCT02119975Start2011PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants98Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestOther outcome9 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskOther outcome9 weeks
NCT02119962Start2013PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipantsNot givenLead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestOther outcome9 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskOther outcome9 weeks
NCT02119949Start2012PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Substance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants180Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskSecondary9 weeks
NCT01552473Start2012PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussion, Sleep and sleep disorders, Pain and fatigueParticipants108Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary10 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary10 weeks
  • Sentence Completion Inhibition TestPrimary10 weeks

Page 1 of 1

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use the Reading Span Task?

22 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 8 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use the Reading Span Task?

Most often in anxiety, PTSD and OCD (6), depression and bipolar disorder (5) and hearing loss (5).

Which tests do trials use with the Reading Span Task?

The Digit Span Test (7 studies), the Trail Making Test (5 studies) and the N-Back Task (5 studies).

How many completed trials that use the Reading Span Task have reported results?

9 of the 15 completed studies that name it, 60%, have reported results: 7 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 2 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 0 did both. The other 6 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Reading Span Task: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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