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  5. /Sternberg Memory Scanning

Clinical trials data

Sternberg Memory Scanning in clinical trials: 38 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Sternberg Memory Scanning in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
38
Name it in a primary outcome, 50%
19 of 38
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.2% in 2016 to 2020
0.2%
By year
Median participants per study
41
By phase
Try Sternberg Memory Scanning

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.
  1. Sleep and sleep disorders6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  2. Schizophrenia and psychosis4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  3. Mild cognitive impairment3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  4. Healthy volunteers3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  5. Anxiety, PTSD and OCD3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  6. Parkinson's disease2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  7. Depression and bipolar disorder2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  8. Autism2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. Dementia and Alzheimer's1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  10. Stroke1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  11. Brain injury and concussion1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  12. ADHD1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  13. Cancer1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  14. Cognitive impairment and decline1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  15. Aging, frailty and exercise1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  16. Obesity and diabetes1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  17. Substance use and addiction1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  18. Cardiovascular disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  19. Other conditions7 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

Sternberg Memory Scanning is a primary outcome in 50% of its studies. Across the 10 working memory tests with a page here, the median is 45%.
  1. Sternberg Memory Scanning50% of 38 studies

  2. Operation Span50% of 24 studies

  3. Mental Rotation48% of 64 studies

  4. N-Back Task48% of 790 studies

  5. Spatial Working Memory46% of 78 studies

  6. Letter-Number Sequencing Task43% of 184 studies

  7. Corsi Block-Tapping Test43% of 181 studies

  8. Digit Span Test37% of 1,629 studies

  9. Reading Span Task36% of 22 studies

  10. Size Order Memory Test35% of 162 studies

Studies by start year

0.2% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.2% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 6 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200410
200510
200610
200700
200810
200900
201000
201100
201211
201321
201410
201531
201611
201742
201820
201921
202021
202110
202211
202333
202411
202564
202642

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 12 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 13 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/21 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 21 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable28 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Observational1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Not given1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Not applicable46 median, 29 to 84
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names Sternberg Memory Scanning, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable284629 to 84

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Sternberg Memory Scanning are measured within a day of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 3 weeks. 17 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day12 outcomes, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks11 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months4 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given5 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

33 of the 38 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting7 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting3 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Completed23 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Drug9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Device14 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • None given1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States14 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Canada4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • China4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Germany2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Hong Kong2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • India1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Israel1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Mexico1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Norway1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Spain1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

13 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 2 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name Sternberg Memory Scanning: 11 of 23, 48%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name Sternberg Memory Scanning and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name Sternberg Memory ScanningEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper2, 9%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only3, 13%1,139, 14%
A results paper only6, 26%1,711, 22%
Neither12, 52%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming Sternberg Memory Scanning name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Symbol Coding6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Stroop Color-Word Test5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Go/No-Go Task4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Trail Making Test4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Psychomotor Vigilance Task4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Task Switching Test4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    N-Back Task4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Verbal Fluency3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Operation Span2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for Sternberg Memory Scanning and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Sternberg Memory Scanning38 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Symbol Coding1,448 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Stroop Color-Word Test1,922 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Go/No-Go Task699 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearSternberg Memory ScanningSymbol CodingStroop Color-Word TestGo/No-Go Task
20000130
20010231
20020352
20030321
200411182
200517110
20061861
2007014131
2008114154
2009018165
2010028298
20110303113
20121273213
20132354219
20141476422
20153396724
20161728534
20174717937
201828310340
201929411946
20202799932
2021111615162
2022110716860
2023314019867
2024113418264
2025613419877
2026413119364

Explore the 38 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestSternberg Memory Scanning

38 studies match. 19 name Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome. Median size 41 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: same day.

Loading 38 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
02462000: 0 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2005: 1 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 1 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 1 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 1 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome20152016: 1 studies, 1 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 2 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2018: 2 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2019: 2 studies, 1 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 1 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome20202021: 1 studies, 0 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2022: 1 studies, 1 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 3 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2024: 1 studies, 1 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome2025: 6 studies, 4 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome20252026: 4 studies, 2 naming Sternberg Memory Scanning in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200410
200510
200610
200700
200810
200900
201000
201100
201211
201321
201410
201531
201611
201742
201820
201921
202021
202110
202211
202333
202411
202564
202642

Library tests named most

  • Sternberg Memory Scanning38 studies, 19 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Go/No-Go Task4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Psychomotor Vigilance Task4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Task Switching Test4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 4, NIH 1, other 33. Interventional 37, observational 1.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeSternberg Memory Scanning

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07701343Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondarysame day
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimary1 week
NCT07647380Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary4 weeks
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningSecondary4 weeks
NCT07446478Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskSecondary2 weeks
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningSecondary2 weeks
NCT07402590Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants37Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningSecondary1 week
NCT07398833Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants102Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimarysame day
NCT07308210Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsAutismParticipants15Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary1 week
  • Task Switching TestPrimary1 week
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimary1 week
NCT07149974Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAutismParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary1 week
  • Task Switching TestSecondary1 week
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionSecondary1 week
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningSecondary1 week
NCT07109362Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancerParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimarysame day
NCT06798584Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants240Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary4 months
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary4 months
  • Tower PlanningPrimary4 months
  • Attention Network TestPrimary4 months
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimary4 months
NCT06518824Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants27Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimary
NCT06467253Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
  • Vocabulary TestWording unclear
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimary12 months
NCT06333717Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants33Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • N-Back TaskOther outcome3 weeks
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskOther outcome3 weeks
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningOther outcome3 weeks
  • Recent Probes TaskOther outcome3 weeks
NCT05857137Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimarysame day
NCT05641766Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimarysame day
NCT05556655Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimarysame day
NCT05322239Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimarysame day
NCT04828278Start2020PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimarysame day
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimarysame day
NCT04586205Start2019PhaseNot givenConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants17Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningSecondary6 weeks
NCT04380259Start2018PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants158Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper 1Paper 2Paper 3

Library tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondary1 week
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningSecondary1 week
  • Self-Referential Encoding TaskSecondary1 week
NCT04037605Start2020PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants5Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskSecondary5 days
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningSecondary5 days
NCT04012463Start2012PhaseObservationalConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 years
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 years
  • Verbal FluencySecondary2 years
  • Symbol CodingSecondary2 years
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary2 years
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimary2 years
NCT03993509Start2019PhaseNot applicableConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants68Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimarysame day
NCT03203538Start2017PhaseNot applicableConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants97Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper 1Paper 2Paper 3Paper 4Paper 5

Library tests named
  • Symbol CodingSecondary
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskPrimary
  • Task Switching TestSecondary
  • Dot-Probe TaskSecondary
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningSecondary
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningSecondary
  • Tower of HanoiSecondary
NCT03142893Start2017PhasePhase 1ConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskSecondary5 days
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningSecondary5 days
NCT03137654Start2017PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants82Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary3 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary3 weeks
  • Emotional Stroop TaskPrimary3 weeks
  • Mental RotationPrimary3 weeks
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimary3 weeks

Page 1 of 2

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use Sternberg Memory Scanning?

38 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 19 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use Sternberg Memory Scanning?

Most often in sleep and sleep disorders (6), schizophrenia and psychosis (4) and mild cognitive impairment (3).

Do new trials use Sternberg Memory Scanning more or less?

0.2% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.2% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: a share 31% smaller.

Which tests do trials use with Sternberg Memory Scanning?

Symbol Coding (6 studies), the Stroop Color-Word Test (5 studies) and the Go/No-Go Task (4 studies).

When do trials measure Sternberg Memory Scanning?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Sternberg Memory Scanning are measured within a day of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 3 weeks. 17 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use Sternberg Memory Scanning have reported results?

11 of the 23 completed studies that name it, 48%, have reported results: 5 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 8 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 2 did both. The other 12 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Sternberg Memory Scanning: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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