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  5. /Oddball Target Detection

Clinical trials data

Oddball Target Detection in clinical trials: 86 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Oddball Target Detection in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
86
Name it in a primary outcome, 47%
40 of 86
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.6% in 2016 to 2020
0.4%
By year
Median participants per study
49
By phase
Try Oddball Target Detection

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.
  1. Schizophrenia and psychosis20 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  2. Dementia and Alzheimer's7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  3. Mild cognitive impairment7 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  4. Healthy volunteers7 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  5. Brain injury and concussion4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  6. Depression and bipolar disorder4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  7. Stroke3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  8. Cognitive impairment and decline3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. Obesity and diabetes3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  10. Parkinson's disease2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  11. ADHD2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  12. Aging, frailty and exercise2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  13. Anxiety, PTSD and OCD2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  14. Hearing loss2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  15. Pain and fatigue2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  16. Multiple sclerosis1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  17. Substance use and addiction1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  18. Autism1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  19. Sleep and sleep disorders1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  20. Other conditions26 studies, 13 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

Oddball Target Detection is a primary outcome in 47% of its studies. Across the 18 attention tests with a page here, the median is 41%.
  1. Eriksen Flanker Task53% of 334 studies

  2. Oddball Target Detection47% of 86 studies

  3. Sustained Attention to Response46% of 85 studies

  4. Dot-Probe Task43% of 148 studies

  5. Rapid Visual Information Processing42% of 204 studies

  6. Continuous Performance Test42% of 638 studies

  7. Attention Network Test41% of 138 studies

  8. Choice Reaction Time40% of 270 studies

  9. Cancellation Test40% of 253 studies

  10. Psychomotor Vigilance Task39% of 395 studies

  11. Contrast Sensitivity Test35% of 119 studies

  12. Line Angle Matching30% of 69 studies

Studies by start year

0.4% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.6% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 6 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 7 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 5 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 11 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 6 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 10 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200211
200310
200400
200500
200600
200700
200811
200911
201010
201111
201200
201332
201431
201563
201651
201720
201874
201984
202054
202144
202261
202331
2024115
202563
2026103

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 17 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/24 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 26 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/32 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 41 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable56 studies, 26 as a primary outcome
  • Observational10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Not applicable60 median, 30 to 100
  • Observational85 median, 42 to 103
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names Oddball Target Detection, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable546030 to 100
Observational108542 to 103

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Oddball Target Detection are measured within 2 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 11 weeks. 34 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day22 outcomes, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks17 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months16 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months9 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months8 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years4 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given9 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

76 of the 85 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting20 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Completed40 studies, 23 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral24 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Drug20 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Device18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement8 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other17 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • None given5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States28 studies, 15 as a primary outcome
  • China8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • France7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Spain7 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Türkiye4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Canada3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Greece3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Italy2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Taiwan2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Australia1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

22 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 7 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name Oddball Target Detection: 15 of 40, 38%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name Oddball Target Detection and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name Oddball Target DetectionEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper1, 3%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only6, 15%1,139, 14%
A results paper only8, 20%1,711, 22%
Neither25, 63%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming Oddball Target Detection name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Digit Span Test11 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Fluency8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Trail Making Test7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Verbal Learning7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    N-Back Task5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Short Story Recall4 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Category Fluency4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Continuous Performance Test4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Picture Naming Test4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for Oddball Target Detection and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Oddball Target Detection85 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Digit Span Test1,619 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Verbal Fluency1,737 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Trail Making Test2,281 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearOddball Target DetectionDigit Span TestVerbal FluencyTrail Making Test
20000312
20010210
20021133
20031448
200404910
2005071914
200604914
20070142221
20081191817
20091222929
20101372932
20111263647
20120363444
20133445860
20143495966
20156797985
201656985103
201728293122
2018785107117
20198110121155
202059090122
20214122131172
20226121123188
20233164147228
202411141130211
20256147167210
202610137133201

Explore the 86 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestOddball Target Detection

86 studies match. 40 name Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome. Median size 49 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 2 weeks.

Loading 86 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
0510152000: 0 studies, 0 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2002: 1 studies, 1 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 0 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 1 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 1 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2013: 3 studies, 2 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2014: 3 studies, 1 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2015: 6 studies, 3 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome20152016: 5 studies, 1 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 0 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2018: 7 studies, 4 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2019: 8 studies, 4 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2020: 5 studies, 4 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 4 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 1 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 1 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2024: 11 studies, 5 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome2025: 6 studies, 3 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome20252026: 10 studies, 3 naming Oddball Target Detection in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 planned to start after 2026.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200211
200310
200400
200500
200600
200700
200811
200911
201010
201111
201200
201332
201431
201563
201651
201720
201874
201984
202054
202144
202261
202331
2024115
202563
2026103

Library tests named most

  • Oddball Target Detection86 studies, 40 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test11 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Short Story Recall4 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Continuous Performance Test4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 6, other 80. Interventional 76, observational 10.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeOddball Target Detection

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07877701Start2026PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionPrimarysame day
NCT07856368Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary5 days
NCT07817316Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussionParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Oddball Target DetectionPrimary3 weeks
NCT07806877Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 weeks
  • N-Back TaskSecondary6 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary6 weeks
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary6 weeks
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary6 weeks
NCT07731334Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants384Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary12 months
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary12 months
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary
NCT07701343Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondarysame day
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningPrimary1 week
NCT07666802Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • N-Back TaskSecondary12 months
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary12 months
  • Dimensional Change Card SortSecondary12 months
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary12 months
NCT07647380Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary4 weeks
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Sternberg Memory ScanningSecondary4 weeks
NCT07584837Start2027PhaseObservationalConditionsHearing lossParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary4 months
NCT07448675Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants230Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary12 weeks
  • Antisaccade TaskSecondary12 weeks
NCT07393880Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary6 months
NCT07364929Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Symbol CodingPrimary
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskPrimary
  • Balloon RiskPrimary
  • Oddball Target DetectionPrimary
  • Time Estimation TaskPrimary
NCT07328373Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Healthy volunteersParticipants204Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondarysame day
NCT07223905Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionPrimary6 weeks
NCT07047534Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants160Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary4 weeks
NCT07039500Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionPrimarysame day
NCT07005830Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants28Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimarysame day
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskPrimarysame day
  • Oddball Target DetectionPrimarysame day
NCT07000812Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruiting

Paper

Library tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary6 months
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary6 months
NCT06936397Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruiting

Paper

Library tests named
  • N-Back TaskSecondary12 weeks
  • Oddball Target DetectionPrimary12 weeks
NCT06888726Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary13 weeks
  • Social Slips Stories TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT06880510Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionPrimarysame day
  • Attentional Boost TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06863025Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Cancellation TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Oddball Target DetectionPrimary3 weeks
NCT06733714Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary1 week
  • Verbal FluencySecondary1 week
  • Category FluencySecondary1 week
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary1 week
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary1 week
  • Antisaccade TaskSecondary1 week
  • Visual Search TestSecondary1 week
NCT06466772Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Oddball Target DetectionOther outcome
NCT06426134Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants28Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondarysame day

Page 1 of 4

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use Oddball Target Detection?

86 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 40 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use Oddball Target Detection?

Most often in schizophrenia and psychosis (20), dementia and Alzheimer's disease (7) and mild cognitive impairment (7).

Do new trials use Oddball Target Detection more or less?

0.4% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.6% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: a share 30% smaller.

Which tests do trials use with Oddball Target Detection?

The Digit Span Test (11 studies), Verbal Fluency (8 studies) and the Trail Making Test (7 studies).

When do trials measure Oddball Target Detection?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Oddball Target Detection are measured within 2 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 11 weeks. 34 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use Oddball Target Detection have reported results?

15 of the 40 completed studies that name it, 38%, have reported results: 7 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 9 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 1 did both. The other 25 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Oddball Target Detection: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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