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Clinical trials data

Contrast Sensitivity Test in clinical trials: 119 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Contrast Sensitivity Test in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
119
Name it in a primary outcome, 35%
42 of 119
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.7% in 2016 to 2020
0.7%
By year
Median participants per study
56
By phase
Try the Contrast Sensitivity Test

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.
  1. Obesity and diabetes6 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  2. Multiple sclerosis3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  3. Depression and bipolar disorder2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  4. Healthy volunteers2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  5. Delirium, surgery and intensive care2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  6. Mild cognitive impairment1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  7. Cancer1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  8. Cognitive impairment and decline1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  9. Aging, frailty and exercise1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  10. Sleep and sleep disorders1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  11. Hearing loss1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  12. Cardiovascular disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  13. Other conditions98 studies, 32 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

The Contrast Sensitivity Test is a primary outcome in 35% of its studies. Across the 18 attention tests with a page here, the median is 41%.
  1. Eriksen Flanker Task53% of 334 studies

  2. Oddball Target Detection47% of 86 studies

  3. Sustained Attention to Response46% of 85 studies

  4. Dot-Probe Task43% of 148 studies

  5. Rapid Visual Information Processing42% of 204 studies

  6. Continuous Performance Test42% of 638 studies

  7. Attention Network Test41% of 138 studies

  8. Choice Reaction Time40% of 270 studies

  9. Cancellation Test40% of 253 studies

  10. Psychomotor Vigilance Task39% of 395 studies

  11. Contrast Sensitivity Test35% of 119 studies

  12. Line Angle Matching30% of 69 studies

Studies by start year

0.7% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.7% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 8 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 11 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 8 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 14 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 10 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 9 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 18 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200522
200600
200721
200800
200900
201000
201100
201231
201310
201482
201532
201684
201761
201822
2019114
202062
202182
2022143
202384
2024103
202593
2026186

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 13 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/22 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 28 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 33 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 44 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable71 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Observational28 studies, 14 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Not applicable40 median, 30 to 82
  • Observational85 median, 47 to 134
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names the Contrast Sensitivity Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable704030 to 82
Observational288547 to 134

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Contrast Sensitivity Test are measured within 15 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 weeks to 9 months. 36 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day11 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks12 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months27 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months14 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months20 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years10 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years6 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given8 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

100 of the 108 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting22 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting11 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Completed53 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown23 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Drug16 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Device48 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure15 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Biological2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Genetic1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other16 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • None given15 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States38 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • China28 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Spain10 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Canada9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • France9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Germany7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Italy7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Australia4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • South Korea4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Israel3 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

37 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 7 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name the Contrast Sensitivity Test: 19 of 53, 36%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name the Contrast Sensitivity Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name the Contrast Sensitivity TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper4, 8%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only6, 11%1,139, 14%
A results paper only9, 17%1,711, 22%
Neither34, 64%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Breath Cycle Counting Task1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Oddball Target Detection1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Pursuit Tracking Test1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Stroop Color-Word Test1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Symbol Coding1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Trail Making Test1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Verbal Learning1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for the Contrast Sensitivity Test and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Contrast Sensitivity Test119 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Card Sorting Test (Berg)409 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Oddball Target Detection85 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Stroop Color-Word Test1,922 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearContrast Sensitivity TestCard Sorting Test (Berg)Oddball Target DetectionStroop Color-Word Test
20000103
20010003
20020215
20030112
20040108
200523011
20060106
200723013
200803115
200903116
2010010129
201108131
201239032
2013113342
2014816364
2015321667
2016815585
2017625279
20182217103
201911328119
2020622599
20218284151
202214426168
20238413198
2024103111182
20259316198
2026182610193

Explore the 119 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestThe Contrast Sensitivity Test

119 studies match. 42 name the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome. Median size 56 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 15 weeks.

Loading 119 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
051015202000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2005: 2 studies, 2 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2007: 2 studies, 1 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2012: 3 studies, 1 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 0 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2014: 8 studies, 2 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 2 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 4 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2017: 6 studies, 1 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2018: 2 studies, 2 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2019: 11 studies, 4 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2020: 6 studies, 2 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome20202021: 8 studies, 2 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2022: 14 studies, 3 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2023: 8 studies, 4 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2024: 10 studies, 3 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome2025: 9 studies, 3 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome20252026: 18 studies, 6 naming the Contrast Sensitivity Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200522
200600
200721
200800
200900
201000
201100
201231
201310
201482
201532
201684
201761
201822
2019114
202062
202182
2022143
202384
2024103
202593
2026186

Library tests named most

  • Contrast Sensitivity Test119 studies, 42 as a primary outcome
  • Breath Cycle Counting Task1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Oddball Target Detection1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Pursuit Tracking Test1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 34, NIH 1, other 84. Interventional 91, observational 28.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Contrast Sensitivity Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07861243Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants44Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestPrimary8 months
NCT07844408Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants120Lead sponsorIndustryStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestPrimary1 week
NCT07770685Start2026PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants156Lead sponsorIndustryStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary12 months
NCT07752433Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary2 weeks
NCT07709832Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants34Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary6 months
NCT07705568Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants24Lead sponsorIndustryStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary12 months
NCT07696468Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants52Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07668102Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants88Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary2 years
NCT07658040Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestOther outcome13 weeks
NCT07645183Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary9 months
NCT07623070Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary4 weeks
NCT07622576Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary12 weeks
NCT07577219Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants12Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary6 weeks
  • Pursuit Tracking TestSecondary11 weeks
NCT07567833Start2026PhasePhase 4ConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestPrimary12 months
NCT07548944Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants30Lead sponsorIndustryStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestPrimarysame day
NCT07474974Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants44Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary9 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary9 weeks
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary9 weeks
NCT07472231Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants66Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestPrimary13 weeks
NCT07441642Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants272Lead sponsorIndustryStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary18 months
NCT07425717Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants136Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestOther outcome13 weeks
NCT07409389Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants94Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07290244Start2026PhasePhase 1ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants18Lead sponsorIndustryStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestPrimary16 weeks
NCT07270133Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants450Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestPrimary4 years
NCT07228793Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants45Lead sponsorIndustryStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary4 years
NCT07158177Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestPrimary13 weeks
NCT07142928Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Contrast Sensitivity TestSecondary12 months

Page 1 of 5

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use the Contrast Sensitivity Test?

119 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 42 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use the Contrast Sensitivity Test?

Most often in obesity and diabetes (6), multiple sclerosis (3) and depression and bipolar disorder (2).

Do new trials use the Contrast Sensitivity Test more or less?

0.7% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.7% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: a share 6% smaller.

Which tests do trials use with the Contrast Sensitivity Test?

The Breath Cycle Counting Task (1 studies), the Card Sorting Test (Berg) (1 studies) and Oddball Target Detection (1 studies).

When do trials measure the Contrast Sensitivity Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Contrast Sensitivity Test are measured within 15 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 weeks to 9 months. 36 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use the Contrast Sensitivity Test have reported results?

19 of the 53 completed studies that name it, 36%, have reported results: 10 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 13 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 4 did both. The other 34 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Contrast Sensitivity Test: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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