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  5. /Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Clinical trials data

Implicit Association Test (IAT) in clinical trials: 113 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
113
Name it in a primary outcome, 37%
42 of 113
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.9% in 2016 to 2020
0.7%
By year
Median participants per study
107
By phase
Try the Implicit Association Test (IAT)

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.
  1. Depression and bipolar disorder24 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  2. Substance use and addiction13 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  3. Anxiety, PTSD and OCD13 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  4. Aging, frailty and exercise8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  5. Obesity and diabetes5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  6. Cancer4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  7. Schizophrenia and psychosis3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  8. Pain and fatigue3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  9. Healthy volunteers2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  10. Cardiovascular disease2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  11. Stroke1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  12. Autism1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  13. Sleep and sleep disorders1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  14. Delirium, surgery and intensive care1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  15. Lung disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  16. Other conditions45 studies, 21 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a primary outcome in 37% of its studies. Across the 9 social cognition tests with a page here, the median is 50%.
  1. Social Slips Stories Task58% of 24 studies

  2. Emotion Regulation Task55% of 56 studies

  3. Scrambled Sentences Test55% of 20 studies

  4. Trust Game54% of 26 studies

  5. Approach-Avoidance Task50% of 28 studies

  6. Ball-Toss Game45% of 33 studies

  7. Implicit Association Test (IAT)37% of 113 studies

  8. Emoji Emotion Recognition35% of 187 studies

  9. Indirect Hints Task27% of 33 studies

Studies by start year

0.7% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.9% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 11 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 7 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 7 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 10 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 5 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 8 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 14 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 7 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 13 studies, 8 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 9 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200311
200400
200500
200600
200700
200800
200900
201010
201110
201232
201320
201420
201530
2016113
201773
201871
2019105
202054
202182
2022143
202374
2024138
202593
202672

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 12 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 12 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/23 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 214 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 34 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 42 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable74 studies, 30 as a primary outcome
  • Observational12 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Phase 253 median, 34 to 80
  • Not applicable126 median, 66 to 201
  • Observational99 median, 59 to 225
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names the Implicit Association Test (IAT), by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2145334 to 80
Not applicable7412666 to 201
Observational129959 to 225

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Implicit Association Test (IAT) are measured within 8 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 2 weeks to 4 months. 36 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day22 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks28 outcomes, 8 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months23 outcomes, 10 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months19 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months7 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given10 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

103 of the 113 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting22 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Completed67 studies, 27 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown9 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral73 studies, 31 as a primary outcome
  • Drug21 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Device12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other27 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • None given4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States48 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Canada11 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Germany8 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • France7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Israel7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Nepal4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • South Korea4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • China2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Hong Kong2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

18 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 7 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name the Implicit Association Test (IAT): 26 of 67, 39%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name the Implicit Association Test (IAT)Every completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper7, 10%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only4, 6%1,139, 14%
A results paper only15, 22%1,711, 22%
Neither41, 61%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Brief Implicit Association Test12 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Trail Making Test10 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    N-Back Task8 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Go/No-Go Task7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Choice Reaction Time7 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Symbol Coding6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Cue Reactivity Task5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Dot-Probe Task4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Stop-Signal Task4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Implicit Association Test (IAT)111 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Trail Making Test2,281 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
N-Back Task787 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026
Go/No-Go Task699 studies, 2000 to 2026
01252502000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearImplicit Association Test (IAT)Trail Making TestN-Back TaskGo/No-Go Task
20000200
20010001
20020322
20031821
200401002
200501440
200601431
2007021101
2008017104
200902955
2010132118
20111472013
20123441413
20132602319
20142662522
20153852524
2016111033234
201771225137
201871175440
2019101555946
202051223032
202181727062
2022141886260
202372287167
2024132116964
202592106777
202672016864

Explore the 113 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestThe Implicit Association Test (IAT)

113 studies match. 42 name the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome. Median size 107 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 8 weeks.

Loading 113 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
0510152000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2012: 3 studies, 2 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 0 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome20152016: 11 studies, 3 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2017: 7 studies, 3 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2018: 7 studies, 1 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2019: 10 studies, 5 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2020: 5 studies, 4 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome20202021: 8 studies, 2 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2022: 14 studies, 3 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2023: 7 studies, 4 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2024: 13 studies, 8 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome2025: 9 studies, 3 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome20252026: 7 studies, 2 naming the Implicit Association Test (IAT) in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 2 planned to start after 2026.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200311
200400
200500
200600
200700
200800
200900
201010
201110
201232
201320
201420
201530
2016113
201773
201871
2019105
202054
202182
2022143
202374
2024138
202593
202672

Library tests named most

  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)113 studies, 42 as a primary outcome
  • Brief Implicit Association Test12 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test10 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task8 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Go/No-Go Task7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Choice Reaction Time7 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Cue Reactivity Task5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Dot-Probe Task4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Stop-Signal Task4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 1, other 112. Interventional 101, observational 12.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Implicit Association Test (IAT)

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07857291Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants320Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Other outcome9 weeks
NCT07842367Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants210Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary2 days
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primary2 days
NCT07792356Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants144Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondary6 months
NCT07705477Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants125Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondarysame day
NCT07593677Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Symbol Scan TaskSecondary6 months
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondary6 months
  • Brief Implicit Association TestSecondary6 months
NCT07523048Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary2 weeks
  • Symbol Scan TaskSecondary2 weeks
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondary2 weeks
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimary2 weeks
  • Effort Discounting TaskSecondary2 weeks
NCT07478510Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants84Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondarysame day
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primarysame day
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondarysame day
NCT07430891Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants107Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primary8 weeks
NCT07418424Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants468Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primary12 months
NCT07395817Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Other outcome13 weeks
NCT07375199Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants128Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondary4 weeks
NCT07283523Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants52Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primary4 weeks
NCT07259005Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants96Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Other outcome4 weeks
NCT07072845Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Other outcome9 weeks
NCT07044570Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsCancer, Aging, frailty and exercise, Obesity and diabetesParticipants151Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primary4 months
  • Brief Implicit Association TestPrimary4 months
NCT07017478Start2025PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants41Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondarysame day
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06808893Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants44Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruiting

Paper

Library tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primarysame day
NCT06795802Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primarysame day
  • Evaluative Conditioning TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06783231Start2003PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants300Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primary
NCT06615219Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants126Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primary13 weeks
  • Brief Implicit Association TestPrimary13 weeks
NCT06605729Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Pain and fatigueParticipants330Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondarysame day
NCT06601686Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants22Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondary2 weeks
  • Emotion Regulation TaskSecondary2 weeks
NCT06565637Start2025PhasePhase 1ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primary6 months
NCT06526078Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants600Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Other outcome4 weeks
NCT06521099Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants136Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Primary13 weeks

Page 1 of 5

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?

113 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 42 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?

Most often in depression and bipolar disorder (24), substance use and addiction (13) and anxiety, PTSD and OCD (13).

Do new trials use the Implicit Association Test (IAT) more or less?

0.7% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.9% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: a share 19% smaller.

Which tests do trials use with the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?

The Brief Implicit Association Test (12 studies), the Trail Making Test (10 studies) and the N-Back Task (8 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 trials that use the Implicit Association Test (IAT) enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 53 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 34 to 80. 14 of them give a size.

When do trials measure the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Implicit Association Test (IAT) are measured within 8 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 2 weeks to 4 months. 36 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use the Implicit Association Test (IAT) have reported results?

26 of the 67 completed studies that name it, 39%, have reported results: 11 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 22 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 7 did both. The other 41 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Implicit Association Test (IAT): what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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