ConductCognition
  • Domains

    Tests

    • Processing speed43
    • Attention113
    • Working memory50
    • Executive function143
    • Episodic memory72
    • Response inhibition9
    • Social cognition75
    • Language42

    Most used

    Evidence

    1. Verbal Fluency TestGradeA
    2. Stroop Color-Word TestGradeA
    3. Trail Making TestGradeA
    4. N-Back TaskGradeA
    5. Go/No-Go TaskGradeA
    6. Digit Span TestGradeA
    7. Symbol Coding TestGradeA
    8. Verbal Learning TestGradeA
    REDTry it nowStroop Color-Word Test
    All 547 tests

    Browse by

    • Phone290
    • Tablet323
    • Untimed326
    • Up to 5 minutes69
    • Evidence grade A40
  • First studies

    Grade, length

    • Reaction Time StudyGradeA7 min
    • Pilot ScreeningGradeA15 min
    • Medication StudiesGradeA−26 min
    • Language-Minimized ScreeningGradeA−30 min

    Age groups

    • Older Adult Executive SpeedGradeA20 min
    • School-AgeGradeA−33 min

    Memory

    • At-Home MemoryGradeA26 min
    • Working Memory and LearningGradeA−19 min
    • Associative MemoryGradeB32 min
    • Working Memory CapacityGradeB34 min

    Language and perception

    • LanguageGradeA−33 min
    • Visual PerceptionGradeB27 min
    • Listening and Auditory ProcessingGradeB31 min

    Executive function and attention

    • Executive ControlGradeA18 min
    • Attention and ImpulsivityGradeA−26 min
    • Visual AttentionGradeB27 min
    • Creativity and Flexible ThinkingGradeB30 min
    • Reasoning and SpatialGradeB32 min

    Movement

    • Motor and AttentionGradeA−29 min
    • Motor LearningGradeB34 min

    Behavior, mood and choice

    • Food Choice and Self-ControlGradeA−29 min
    • Sleep and FatigueGradeB23 min
    • Social CognitionGradeB23 min
    • Impulsivity and Substance UseGradeB26 min
    • Emotion and MoodGradeB28 min
    • Decisions and RewardGradeB29 min
    All 26 batteries

    Find one

    Up to 15 minutes2Up to 30 minutes19Phone8
    Test order labBattery gradesHow batteries work
  • Use and evidence

    • Overview
    • Compare all 547 tests
    • Test-retest
    • Reliability and validity
    • Battery grades26
    • Download and cite

    Clinical trials

    • Overview
    • By condition25
    • By test101
    • Trial design benchmark
    • Cognitive outcomes, 2026

    Conditions

    Registered studies

    • Dementia and Alzheimer's1,673
    • Aging, frailty and exercise1,398
    • Depression and bipolar disorder1,247
    • Stroke1,233
    • Substance use and addiction895
    • Parkinson's disease892
    • Cancer760
    All 25 conditions
    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
  • 1

    Build

    • Study design
    • Customize tests
    • Repeat visits
    • Study cost calculator
    2

    Recruit

    • Recruitment setup
    • Prolific
    • Sona Systems
    • CloudResearch Connect
    • Qualtrics
    3

    Run

    • Remote testing
    • Participant devices
    • Phone timing check
    • Offline edition
    4

    Results

    • Automated scoring
    • Test norms
    • Study Quality Monitor
    • Data export
    Platform overview

    Compliance

    • HIPAA-ready testing
    • US clinical research
    • Data Policy
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms of Use
  • Research areas

    Tests used in each

    • Aging and dementia188
    • Decisions and reward105
    • Child development and education87
    • Language and bilingualism64
    • Social behavior62
    • Psychiatric groups35
    • Training and intervention28
    • Mood, anxiety and trauma25
    • Substance use and impulsivity25
    • Neurological and movement research19
    • Brain injury and concussion14
    • Sleep and fatigue14
    • ADHD11
    • Eating and obesity8
    • Medication and drug trials8

    Research settings

    • Student participant pools
    • Teaching a class
    • Clinical trials
    • US clinical research
    • Sites without internet
    Planning a study?
  • Methods

    • How evidence grades work
    • How test batteries work
    • How test order works
    Methods and questions

    Help

    • FAQ
    • Recruitment guides
    • Compare platforms

    Updates

    • Blog
    • New tests by email
    Latest post10 November 2026What you can do in ConductCognition todayA short tour of ConductCognition as it stands on 10 November. After this, we'll post when something changes how you run a study.Read the post
  • Pricing
Start Free
Log In
Log InStart Free
  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Tests
  5. /Effort for Rewards Task

Clinical trials data

Effort for Rewards Task in clinical trials: 61 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Effort for Rewards Task in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
61
Name it in a primary outcome, 43%
26 of 61
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.4% in 2016 to 2020
0.4%
By year
Median participants per study
60
By phase
Try the Effort for Rewards Task

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.
  1. Depression and bipolar disorder35 studies, 15 as a primary outcome

  2. Schizophrenia and psychosis8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  3. Anxiety, PTSD and OCD5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  4. Healthy volunteers3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  5. Obesity and diabetes3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  6. Cancer2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  7. Substance use and addiction2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. Pain and fatigue2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  9. Parkinson's disease1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. Cognitive impairment and decline1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  11. Aging, frailty and exercise1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

  12. Other conditions7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

The Effort for Rewards Task is a primary outcome in 43% of its studies. Across the 30 executive function tests with a page here, the median is 37%.
  1. Cue Reactivity Task56% of 188 studies

  2. Effort for Rewards Task43% of 61 studies

  3. Stroop Color-Word Test41% of 1,929 studies

  4. Tower Planning40% of 247 studies

  5. Task Switching Test40% of 334 studies

  6. Dimensional Change Card Sort38% of 214 studies

  7. Verbal Fluency37% of 1,745 studies

  8. Delay Discounting36% of 257 studies

  9. Clock Drawing Task35% of 281 studies

  10. Matrix Reasoning35% of 272 studies

  11. Card Sorting Test (Berg)34% of 411 studies

  12. Trail Making Test31% of 2,293 studies

  13. AX Continuous Performance Test17% of 191 studies

Studies by start year

0.4% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.4% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 7 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 9 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 4 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200800
200900
201011
201100
201200
201322
201411
201530
201621
201742
201831
201972
202041
202174
202200
202361
202496
202584
202640

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 13 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 13 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/21 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 210 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 411 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable31 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Observational2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Phase 268 median, 30 to 95
  • Phase 457 median, 30 to 76
  • Not applicable57 median, 29 to 100
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names the Effort for Rewards Task, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2106830 to 95
Phase 4115730 to 76
Not applicable315729 to 100

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Effort for Rewards Task are measured within 1 week of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 3 weeks. 25 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day15 outcomes, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks17 outcomes, 11 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months19 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months7 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

60 of the 61 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting18 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Completed31 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral19 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Drug28 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Device7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Biological4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Other7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • None given2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States40 studies, 19 as a primary outcome
  • Canada6 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • France4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • China2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Germany2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Israel2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Argentina1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Bulgaria1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Czechia1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Estonia1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

19 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 3 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name the Effort for Rewards Task: 14 of 31, 45%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name the Effort for Rewards Task and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name the Effort for Rewards TaskEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper3, 10%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only5, 16%1,139, 14%
A results paper only6, 19%1,711, 22%
Neither17, 55%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming the Effort for Rewards Task name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Effort Discounting Task13 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Monetary Incentive Delay12 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Probabilistic Reward Task8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Trail Making Test8 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Finger Tapping Task6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Dot-Probe Task4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Go/No-Go Task4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Choice Reaction Time4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Pattern and Letter Comparison2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for the Effort for Rewards Task and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Effort for Rewards Task61 studies, 2000 to 2026
010202000201020202026
Effort Discounting Task46 studies, 2000 to 2026
010202000201020202026
Monetary Incentive Delay104 studies, 2000 to 2026
010202000201020202026
Probabilistic Reward Task38 studies, 2000 to 2026
010202000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearEffort for Rewards TaskEffort Discounting TaskMonetary Incentive DelayProbabilistic Reward Task
20000000
20010000
20020000
20030000
20040020
20050010
20060000
20070000
20080000
20090010
20101010
20110030
20120032
20132053
20141052
20153063
20162430
20174262
20183152
20197384
20204252
20217446
20220562
202364114
202499103
20258672
202646121

Explore the 61 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestThe Effort for Rewards Task

61 studies match. 26 name the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome. Median size 60 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 1 week.

Loading 61 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
02.557.5102000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 1 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 2 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 1 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome20152016: 2 studies, 1 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 2 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2018: 3 studies, 1 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2019: 7 studies, 2 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2020: 4 studies, 1 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome20202021: 7 studies, 4 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2022: 0 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2023: 6 studies, 1 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2024: 9 studies, 6 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome2025: 8 studies, 4 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome20252026: 4 studies, 0 naming the Effort for Rewards Task in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200800
200900
201011
201100
201200
201322
201411
201530
201621
201742
201831
201972
202041
202174
202200
202361
202496
202584
202640

Library tests named most

  • Effort for Rewards Task61 studies, 26 as a primary outcome
  • Effort Discounting Task13 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Monetary Incentive Delay12 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Probabilistic Reward Task8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test8 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Finger Tapping Task6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Dot-Probe Task4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Go/No-Go Task4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Choice Reaction Time4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

Conditions

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 3, other 58. Interventional 59, observational 2.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Effort for Rewards Task

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07872904Start2026PhasePhase 4ConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants400Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskOther outcome13 months
  • Effort for Rewards TaskOther outcome13 months
NCT07608796Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Task Switching TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Finger Tapping TaskSecondary8 weeks
  • Monetary Incentive DelayPrimary8 weeks
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT07523048Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary2 weeks
  • Symbol Scan TaskSecondary2 weeks
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondary2 weeks
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimary2 weeks
  • Effort Discounting TaskSecondary2 weeks
NCT07417709Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants52Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary12 weeks
NCT07032428Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants104Lead sponsorIndustryStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Monetary Incentive DelayPrimary9 weeks
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary6 months
  • Probabilistic Reward TaskSecondary6 months
NCT07017478Start2025PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants41Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)Secondarysame day
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimarysame day
NCT07011953Start2025PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Monetary Incentive DelaySecondary8 weeks
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT07003997Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Finger Tapping TaskSecondary8 weeks
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT06809166Start2024PhasePhase 4ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Obesity and diabetesParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary4 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary4 weeks
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimary4 weeks
NCT06787248Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants61Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondarysame day
NCT06706349Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary14 weeks
NCT06650800Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimary2 days
NCT06647524Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimary
  • Effort Discounting TaskPrimary
NCT06580145Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants75Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 weeks
  • Task Switching TestSecondary6 weeks
  • Choice Reaction TimeSecondary6 weeks
  • Finger Tapping TaskSecondary6 weeks
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary6 weeks
NCT06376734Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants180Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Balloon RiskPrimary13 weeks
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimary13 weeks
NCT06273137Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants300Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimary4 months
NCT06132581Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants72Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimary1 week
NCT06087926Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06075771Start2023PhasePhase 4ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT05929898Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants190Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondarysame day
  • Effort Discounting TaskSecondarysame day
NCT05909267Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants165Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingOther outcome2 days
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary2 days
  • Probabilistic Reward TaskPrimary2 days
NCT05849038Start2023PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary10 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary10 weeks
  • Finger Tapping TaskSecondary10 weeks
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary10 weeks
NCT05823532Start2024PhasePhase 4ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosisParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Monetary Incentive DelayPrimary2 weeks
  • Effort for Rewards TaskPrimary2 weeks
  • Effort Discounting TaskPrimary2 weeks
NCT05693922Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary2 weeks
NCT05558995Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknown

Paper

Library tests named
  • Effort for Rewards TaskSecondary12 weeks
  • Effort Discounting TaskSecondary12 weeks

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use the Effort for Rewards Task?

61 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 26 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use the Effort for Rewards Task?

Most often in depression and bipolar disorder (35), schizophrenia and psychosis (8) and anxiety, PTSD and OCD (5).

Do new trials use the Effort for Rewards Task more or less?

0.4% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.4% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: a share 5% smaller.

Which tests do trials use with the Effort for Rewards Task?

The Effort Discounting Task (13 studies), Monetary Incentive Delay (12 studies) and the Probabilistic Reward Task (8 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 trials that use the Effort for Rewards Task enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 68 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 30 to 95. 10 of them give a size.

When do trials measure the Effort for Rewards Task?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Effort for Rewards Task are measured within 1 week of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 3 weeks. 25 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use the Effort for Rewards Task have reported results?

14 of the 31 completed studies that name it, 45%, have reported results: 8 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 9 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 3 did both. The other 17 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Effort for Rewards Task: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

Run the Effort for Rewards Task in your trial

Choose tests with a record in registered trials, and run them in a browser at every site, on the same version each visit.

Start free
ConductCognition

Hosted browser-native cognitive testing for academic and commercial research workflows.

A product of ConductScience, Inc.

New tests and features, about once a month. Unsubscribe at any time.

Tests

  • All cognitive tests
  • Test batteries
  • Use and evidence
  • Test norms
  • Trail Making Test
  • N-Back Task
  • Automated scoring
  • Study design
  • New tests by email

Guides

  • Methods and questions
  • Blog
  • Recruitment setup
  • Participant devices
  • Prolific
  • Sona Systems
  • CloudResearch Connect
  • Qualtrics

Use cases

  • Student participant pools
  • Aging and dementia research
  • Clinical trials
  • US clinical research
  • Remote testing

Compare and buy

  • Pricing
  • Compare platforms
  • Offline edition
  • FAQ

Trust

  • Study Quality Monitor
  • HIPAA-ready testing
  • Data export
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Use
  • Data Policy

Company

  • ConductScience
  • Affiliate Program
© 2026 ConductScience, Inc. Research use only.