ConductCognition

  • Domains

    Tests

    • Processing speed43
    • Attention113
    • Working memory50
    • Executive function143
    • Episodic memory72
    • Response inhibition9
    • Social cognition75
    • Language42

    Most used

    Evidence

    1. Verbal Fluency TestGradeA
    2. Stroop Color-Word TestGradeA
    3. Trail Making TestGradeA
    4. N-Back TaskGradeA
    5. Go/No-Go TaskGradeA
    6. Digit Span TestGradeA
    7. Symbol Coding TestGradeA
    8. Verbal Learning TestGradeA
    REDTry it nowStroop Color-Word Test
    All 547 tests

    Browse by

    • Phone290
    • Tablet323
    • Untimed326
    • Up to 5 minutes69
    • Evidence grade A40

  • First studies

    Grade, length

    • Reaction Time StudyGradeA7 min
    • Pilot ScreeningGradeA15 min
    • Medication StudiesGradeA−26 min
    • Language-Minimized ScreeningGradeA−30 min

    Age groups

    • Older Adult Executive SpeedGradeA20 min
    • School-AgeGradeA−33 min

    Memory

    • At-Home MemoryGradeA26 min
    • Working Memory and LearningGradeA−19 min
    • Associative MemoryGradeB32 min
    • Working Memory CapacityGradeB34 min

    Language and perception

    • LanguageGradeA−33 min
    • Visual PerceptionGradeB27 min
    • Listening and Auditory ProcessingGradeB31 min

    Executive function and attention

    • Executive ControlGradeA18 min
    • Attention and ImpulsivityGradeA−26 min
    • Visual AttentionGradeB27 min
    • Creativity and Flexible ThinkingGradeB30 min
    • Reasoning and SpatialGradeB32 min

    Movement

    • Motor and AttentionGradeA−29 min
    • Motor LearningGradeB34 min

    Behavior, mood and choice

    • Food Choice and Self-ControlGradeA−29 min
    • Sleep and FatigueGradeB23 min
    • Social CognitionGradeB23 min
    • Impulsivity and Substance UseGradeB26 min
    • Emotion and MoodGradeB28 min
    • Decisions and RewardGradeB29 min
    All 26 batteries

    Find one

    Up to 15 minutes2Up to 30 minutes19Phone8
    Test order labBattery gradesHow batteries work

  • Use and evidence

    • Overview
    • Compare all 547 tests
    • Test-retest
    • Reliability and validity
    • Battery grades26
    • Download and cite

    Clinical trials

    • Overview
    • By condition25
    • By test101
    • Trial design benchmark
    • Cognitive outcomes, 2026

    Conditions

    Registered studies

    • Dementia and Alzheimer's1,673
    • Aging, frailty and exercise1,398
    • Depression and bipolar disorder1,247
    • Stroke1,233
    • Substance use and addiction895
    • Parkinson's disease892
    • Cancer760
    All 25 conditions
    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
  • 1

    Build

    • Study design
    • Customize tests
    • Repeat visits
    • Study cost calculator
    2

    Recruit

    • Recruitment setup
    • Prolific
    • Sona Systems
    • CloudResearch Connect
    • Qualtrics
    3

    Run

    • Remote testing
    • Participant devices
    • Phone timing check
    • Offline edition
    4

    Results

    • Automated scoring
    • Test norms
    • Study Quality Monitor
    • Data export
    Platform overview

    Compliance

    • HIPAA-ready testing
    • US clinical research
    • Data Policy
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms of Use

  • Research areas

    Tests used in each

    • Aging and dementia188
    • Decisions and reward105
    • Child development and education87
    • Language and bilingualism64
    • Social behavior62
    • Psychiatric groups35
    • Training and intervention28
    • Mood, anxiety and trauma25
    • Substance use and impulsivity25
    • Neurological and movement research19
    • Brain injury and concussion14
    • Sleep and fatigue14
    • ADHD11
    • Eating and obesity8
    • Medication and drug trials8

    Research settings

    • Student participant pools
    • Teaching a class
    • Clinical trials
    • US clinical research
    • Sites without internet
    Planning a study?

  • Methods

    • How evidence grades work
    • How test batteries work
    • How test order works
    Methods and questions

    Help

    • FAQ
    • Recruitment guides
    • Compare platforms

    Updates

    • Blog
    • New tests by email
    Latest post10 November 2026What you can do in ConductCognition todayA short tour of ConductCognition as it stands on 10 November. After this, we'll post when something changes how you run a study.Read the post
  • Pricing
Start Free
Log In
Log InStart Free
  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Tests
  5. /Delay Discounting

Clinical trials data

Delay Discounting in clinical trials: 257 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Delay Discounting in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
257
Name it in a primary outcome, 36%
92 of 257
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 2.0% in 2016 to 2020
1.6%
By year
Median participants per study
64
By phase
Try Delay DiscountingTry Food Delay Discounting

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.

  1. Substance use and addiction104 studies, 34 as a primary outcome

  2. Obesity and diabetes36 studies, 16 as a primary outcome

  3. Depression and bipolar disorder19 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  4. Sleep and sleep disorders16 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  5. Anxiety, PTSD and OCD12 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  6. Healthy volunteers10 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  7. Schizophrenia and psychosis9 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. ADHD8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  9. Cancer8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  10. Cardiovascular disease7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  11. Pain and fatigue6 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  12. Aging, frailty and exercise5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  13. Parkinson's disease4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  14. Dementia and Alzheimer's1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  15. Mild cognitive impairment1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  16. Stroke1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  17. Delirium, surgery and intensive care1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  18. Huntington's disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  19. Other conditions54 studies, 22 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

Delay Discounting is a primary outcome in 36% of its studies. Across the 30 executive function tests with a page here, the median is 37%.

  1. Cue Reactivity Task56% of 188 studies

  2. Stroop Color-Word Test41% of 1,929 studies

  3. Tower Planning40% of 247 studies

  4. Task Switching Test40% of 334 studies

  5. Dimensional Change Card Sort38% of 214 studies

  6. Verbal Fluency37% of 1,745 studies

  7. Delay Discounting36% of 257 studies

  8. Clock Drawing Task35% of 281 studies

  9. Matrix Reasoning35% of 272 studies

  10. Card Sorting Test (Berg)34% of 411 studies

  11. Trail Making Test31% of 2,293 studies

  12. AX Continuous Performance Test17% of 191 studies

Studies by start year

1.6% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 2.0% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 10 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 11 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 6 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 13 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 22 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 31 studies, 11 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 14 studies, 8 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 19 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 18 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 23 studies, 10 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 27 studies, 10 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 23 studies, 10 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 20 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200711
200810
200910
201042
201110
201211
2013104
2014116
201560
201684
2017134
2018225
20193111
2020148
2021196
2022184
20232310
20242710
20252310
2026205

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 17 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 17 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/25 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 220 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 36 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 49 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable179 studies, 59 as a primary outcome
  • Observational24 studies, 14 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Phase 268 median, 38 to 131
  • Not applicable66 median, 35 to 127
  • Observational110 median, 51 to 239
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names Delay Discounting, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2186838 to 131
Not applicable1706635 to 127
Observational2311051 to 239

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Delay Discounting are measured within 4 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 12 weeks. 84 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day45 outcomes, 22 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks62 outcomes, 26 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months69 outcomes, 18 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months38 outcomes, 11 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months15 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years5 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years6 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given16 outcomes, 8 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

240 of the 256 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting49 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting13 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Completed127 studies, 49 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early31 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown23 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral126 studies, 43 as a primary outcome
  • Drug54 studies, 24 as a primary outcome
  • Device48 studies, 15 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Genetic1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other45 studies, 15 as a primary outcome
  • None given14 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States166 studies, 69 as a primary outcome
  • China12 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • France12 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Canada7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Spain7 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Germany6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Singapore4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Hong Kong3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Italy3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

19 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 17 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name Delay Discounting: 75 of 127, 59%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name Delay Discounting and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name Delay DiscountingEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper25, 20%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only32, 25%1,139, 14%
A results paper only18, 14%1,711, 22%
Neither52, 41%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming Delay Discounting name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Go/No-Go Task38 studies, 18 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Stop-Signal Task28 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Stroop Color-Word Test20 studies, 10 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Balloon Risk20 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    N-Back Task19 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Digit Span Test18 studies, 10 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Iowa Gambling Lite15 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)14 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Purchase Task14 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    AX Continuous Performance Test11 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for Delay Discounting and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Delay Discounting254 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Go/No-Go Task699 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Stop-Signal Task320 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Stroop Color-Word Test1,922 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearDelay DiscountingGo/No-Go TaskStop-Signal TaskStroop Color-Word Test
20000003
20010103
20020205
20030102
20040208
200500111
20060106
200711013
200814215
200915116
201048429
2011113231
2012113432
201310191142
201411221664
20156241267
20168341985
201713371879
2018224030103
2019314637119
202014321899
2021196221151
2022186024168
2023236729198
2024276433182
2025237717198
2026206421193

Explore the 257 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestDelay Discounting

257 studies match. 92 name Delay Discounting in a primary outcome. Median size 64 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 4 weeks.

Loading 257 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
0102030402000: 0 studies, 0 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 0 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 0 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2010: 4 studies, 2 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 0 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 1 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2013: 10 studies, 4 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2014: 11 studies, 6 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2015: 6 studies, 0 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 4 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2017: 13 studies, 4 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2018: 22 studies, 5 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2019: 31 studies, 11 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2020: 14 studies, 8 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome20202021: 19 studies, 6 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2022: 18 studies, 4 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2023: 23 studies, 10 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2024: 27 studies, 10 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome2025: 23 studies, 10 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome20252026: 20 studies, 5 naming Delay Discounting in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 3 planned to start after 2026.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200711
200810
200910
201042
201110
201211
2013104
2014116
201560
201684
2017134
2018225
20193111
2020148
2021196
2022184
20232310
20242710
20252310
2026205

Library tests named most

  • Delay Discounting257 studies, 92 as a primary outcome
  • Go/No-Go Task38 studies, 18 as a primary outcome
  • Stop-Signal Task28 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test20 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Balloon Risk20 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task19 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test18 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Iowa Gambling Lite15 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)14 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Purchase Task14 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 8, NIH 2, other 247. Interventional 233, observational 24.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeDelay Discounting

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07864454Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants122Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingPrimarysame day
  • Evaluative PrimingPrimarysame day
NCT07862452Start2027PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants400Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary4 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary4 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingPrimary4 weeks
NCT07857239Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • N-Back TaskSecondarysame day
  • Delay DiscountingSecondarysame day
NCT07802223Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary4 weeks
NCT07767617Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsADHD, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary6 months
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary6 months
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Balloon RiskSecondary4 weeks
  • Beads TaskSecondary6 months
NCT07736742Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary6 months
NCT07714005Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants12Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary8 weeks
  • Ball-Toss GameSecondary8 weeks
  • Multi-Source Interference TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT07699159Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsOther conditionsParticipants1,620Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskPrimarysame day
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimarysame day
  • Delay DiscountingPrimary6 months
  • Dimensional Change Card SortPrimarysame day
  • Size Order Memory TestPrimarysame day
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonPrimarysame day
  • Picture Order Memory TestPrimarysame day
  • Emotional Stroop TaskPrimary6 months
  • Mental RotationPrimarysame day
NCT07610369Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsParkinson's disease, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary13 weeks
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Simon TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT07592546Start2026PhasePhase 4ConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants240Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary
NCT07556250Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants225Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary1 week
  • Task Switching TestPrimary1 week
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary2 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary2 weeks
  • Tower PlanningSecondary1 week
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondary1 week
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningPrimary1 week
  • One-Touch Tower PlanningSecondary1 week
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimary1 week
  • Betting Choice TaskSecondary1 week
  • Alternative Uses TaskSecondary1 week
  • Social Value OrientationSecondary2 weeks
  • Remote Associates TestSecondary1 week
  • Repeated Prisoner's DilemmaSecondary2 weeks
  • Ellsberg Urns TaskSecondary2 weeks
NCT07554027Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants166Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary16 weeks
NCT07503782Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants42Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary6 weeks
NCT07486804Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimarysame day
  • Delay DiscountingPrimarysame day
  • Dot-Probe TaskPrimarysame day
NCT07479771Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants53Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary13 weeks
NCT07399964Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants124Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary6 months
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary6 months
  • Balloon RiskSecondary6 months
  • Posner CueingSecondary6 months
NCT07341230Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants9Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary10 months
  • Loss Aversion TaskSecondary10 months
NCT07282418Start2026PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingOther outcome6 months
NCT07226492Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskPrimary7 months
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary7 months
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary7 months
NCT07223619Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingPrimary3 weeks
NCT07178158Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingOther outcome4 weeks
NCT07174778Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants68Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary15 weeks
NCT07172074Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants1,786Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingSecondarysame day
  • Headline Truth TaskSecondarysame day
NCT07171359Start2027PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary4 weeks
  • Balloon RiskSecondary4 weeks
NCT07158853Start2026PhasePhase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Delay DiscountingPrimary

Page 1 of 11

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use Delay Discounting?

257 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 92 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use Delay Discounting?

Most often in substance use and addiction (104), obesity and diabetes (36) and depression and bipolar disorder (19).

Do new trials use Delay Discounting more or less?

1.6% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 2.0% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: a share 21% smaller.

Which tests do trials use with Delay Discounting?

The Go/No-Go Task (38 studies), the Stop-Signal Task (28 studies) and the Stroop Color-Word Test (20 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 trials that use Delay Discounting enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 68 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 38 to 131. 18 of them give a size.

When do trials measure Delay Discounting?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Delay Discounting are measured within 4 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 12 weeks. 84 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use Delay Discounting have reported results?

75 of the 127 completed studies that name it, 59%, have reported results: 57 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 43 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 25 did both. The other 52 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Delay Discounting: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • Food Delay Discounting: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Delay Discounting and Food Delay Discounting as one test family, so this page counts their studies together: 257 studies.

Run Delay Discounting in your trial

Choose tests with a record in registered trials, and run them in a browser at every site, on the same version each visit.

Start free
ConductCognition

Hosted browser-native cognitive testing for academic and commercial research workflows.

A product of ConductScience, Inc.

New tests and features, about once a month. Unsubscribe at any time.

Tests

  • All cognitive tests
  • Test batteries
  • Use and evidence
  • Test norms
  • Trail Making Test
  • N-Back Task
  • Automated scoring
  • Study design
  • New tests by email

Guides

  • Methods and questions
  • Blog
  • Recruitment setup
  • Participant devices
  • Prolific
  • Sona Systems
  • CloudResearch Connect
  • Qualtrics

Use cases

  • Student participant pools
  • Aging and dementia research
  • Clinical trials
  • US clinical research
  • Remote testing

Compare and buy

  • Pricing
  • Compare platforms
  • Offline edition
  • FAQ

Trust

  • Study Quality Monitor
  • HIPAA-ready testing
  • Data export
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Use
  • Data Policy

Company

  • ConductScience
  • Affiliate Program
© 2026 ConductScience, Inc. Research use only.