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Clinical trials data

Hidden Path Learning in clinical trials: 66 registered studies

Every registered study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Hidden Path Learning in an outcome measure: the conditions it is used in, how often it is a primary outcome, the tests it is named with, and how large the studies are.

Registered studies name it in an outcome measure
66
Name it in a primary outcome, 41%
27 of 66
Against similar tests
Of studies started 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.5% in 2016 to 2020
0.2%
By year
Median participants per study
50
By phase
Try Hidden Path Learning

The conditions it is used in

Each study counted once in each condition group it falls in.
  1. Healthy volunteers13 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  2. Dementia and Alzheimer's10 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  3. Schizophrenia and psychosis7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  4. Substance use and addiction7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  5. Cancer6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  6. Depression and bipolar disorder5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  7. Mild cognitive impairment3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  8. Parkinson's disease3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  9. Aging, frailty and exercise3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. Stroke2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  11. Brain injury and concussion2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  12. Sleep and sleep disorders2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  13. Hearing loss2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  14. Pain and fatigue2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  15. Cognitive impairment and decline1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  16. Obesity and diabetes1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  17. Anxiety, PTSD and OCD1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  18. Cardiovascular disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

  19. Other conditions6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

How often it is a primary outcome

Hidden Path Learning is a primary outcome in 41% of its studies. Across the 15 episodic memory tests with a page here, the median is 41%.
  1. Face-name Memory Task53% of 51 studies

  2. Selective Reminding Task49% of 183 studies

  3. Mnemonic Similarity Task42% of 62 studies

  4. Short Story Recall41% of 315 studies

  5. Hidden Path Learning41% of 66 studies

  6. Verbal Learning39% of 1,832 studies

  7. Complex Figure Copy and Recall39% of 276 studies

  8. Category Fluency37% of 623 studies

  9. Picture Order Memory Test35% of 144 studies

  10. Delayed Recall Module35% of 159 studies

  11. Paired Associate Learning34% of 204 studies

  12. Delayed Match-to-Sample32% of 69 studies

Studies by start year

0.2% of the registered studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.5% of those that started in 2016 to 2020. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 6 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200511
200600
200711
200831
200921
201020
201143
201230
201343
201452
201531
201663
201742
201862
201941
202020
202121
202262
202341
202422
202510
202610

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 15 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 121 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/21 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 212 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 35 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 44 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable13 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Observational4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Phase 136 median, 24 to 48
  • Phase 297 median, 51 to 114
  • Not applicable52 median, 40 to 88
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per study that names Hidden Path Learning, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 1213624 to 48
Phase 2129751 to 114
Not applicable135240 to 88

When trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Hidden Path Learning are measured within 2 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 8 weeks. 27 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day16 outcomes, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks18 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months14 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months4 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months9 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years2 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

66 of the 66 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting5 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Completed46 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early6 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Drug46 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Device5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Biological2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States43 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Germany9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Canada8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • France7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Spain7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Australia6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Italy5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

42 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 7 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed studies that name Hidden Path Learning: 26 of 46, 57%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed studies that name Hidden Path Learning and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted studies that name Hidden Path LearningEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper10, 22%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only11, 24%1,139, 14%
A results paper only5, 11%1,711, 22%
Neither20, 43%4,327, 54%

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that studies naming Hidden Path Learning name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Paired Associate Learning10 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Symbol Coding9 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Learning9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Simple Reaction Time7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    N-Back Task6 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Choice Reaction Time6 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Digit Span Test6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Category Fluency5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Trail Making Test5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Verbal Fluency4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Compared over time

Studies per start year for Hidden Path Learning and the tests named with it most. Add or remove tests to compare.
Hidden Path Learning66 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Paired Associate Learning202 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Symbol Coding1,448 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026
Verbal Learning1,819 studies, 2000 to 2026
01002002000201020202026

The panel's testThe other tests chosenEvery panel has the same scale. 2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Registered studies per start year that name each test
Start yearHidden Path LearningPaired Associate LearningSymbol CodingVerbal Learning
20000011
20010025
20020038
200300314
2004021114
200510717
200601813
2007111422
2008321428
2009271828
2010242842
2011443033
2012332742
20134113553
20145124782
2015393991
2016657298
201741171107
20186118392
201941494122
20202117976
2021224116137
2022617107138
2023415140157
2024214134144
2025114134132
2026110131123

Explore the 66 studies

Filter by condition, phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
TestHidden Path Learning

66 studies match. 27 name Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome. Median size 50 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 2 weeks.

Loading 66 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
02462000: 0 studies, 0 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2005: 1 studies, 1 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2008: 3 studies, 1 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 1 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 0 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome20102011: 4 studies, 3 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2012: 3 studies, 0 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 3 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2014: 5 studies, 2 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 1 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome20152016: 6 studies, 3 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 2 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 2 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2019: 4 studies, 1 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 0 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome20202021: 2 studies, 1 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 2 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2023: 4 studies, 1 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2024: 2 studies, 2 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome2025: 1 studies, 0 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome20252026: 1 studies, 0 naming Hidden Path Learning in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200511
200600
200711
200831
200921
201020
201143
201230
201343
201452
201531
201663
201742
201862
201941
202020
202121
202262
202341
202422
202510
202610

Library tests named most

  • Hidden Path Learning66 studies, 27 as a primary outcome
  • Paired Associate Learning10 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding9 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Simple Reaction Time7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task6 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Choice Reaction Time6 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 37, other 29. Interventional 62, observational 4.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeHidden Path Learning

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07332299Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussion, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary6 weeks
NCT06894979Start2025PhasePhase 1ConditionsCancerParticipants54Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningOther outcome10 months
NCT06413173Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Brain injury and concussionParticipants160Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Symbol CodingPrimary6 weeks
  • N-Back TaskPrimary6 weeks
  • Hidden Path LearningPrimary6 weeks
NCT06402123Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsStrokeParticipants43Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 weeks
  • Hidden Path LearningPrimary12 weeks
NCT06279273Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Balloon RiskPrimary2 weeks
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary2 weeks
NCT06208358Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningPrimary4 weeks
NCT05957159Start2023PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary6 days
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary13 weeks
NCT05472818Start2022PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsHealthy volunteers, Substance use and addictionParticipants42Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary4 weeks
NCT05399264Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsHearing lossParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Symbol CodingSecondary13 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary13 weeks
NCT05348694Start2022PhasePhase 4ConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants160Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Paired Associate LearningSecondary12 months
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary12 months
NCT05231213Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsOther conditionsParticipants14Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary9 weeks
NCT05115513Start2022PhasePhase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants41Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningPrimarysame day
  • Time Estimation TaskPrimarysame day
NCT05090046Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants128Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondarysame day
  • Category FluencySecondarysame day
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionSecondarysame day
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondarysame day
NCT05064007Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants52Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningPrimary4 weeks
NCT04856566Start2021PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants41Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • N-Back TaskPrimarysame day
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimarysame day
  • Hidden Path LearningPrimarysame day
  • Time Estimation TaskPrimarysame day
  • Pursuit Tracking TestPrimarysame day
NCT04623242Start2012PhasePhase 2/3ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants194Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

ResultsPaper 1Paper 2

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 years
  • Verbal FluencySecondary5 years
  • Digit Span TestSecondary5 years
  • Symbol CodingPrimary5 years
  • Category FluencySecondary5 years
  • Short Story RecallPrimary5 years
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary5 years
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary5 years
NCT04604548Start2021PhasePhase 2ConditionsStroke, Obesity and diabetes, Hearing lossParticipants11Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary12 months
NCT04566926Start2020PhasePhase 1ConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants33Lead sponsorIndustryStatusStopped earlyLibrary tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary3 days
NCT04334317Start2020PhasePhase 2ConditionsParkinson's disease, Healthy volunteersParticipants64Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompleted

ResultsPaper

Library tests named
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 weeks
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary6 weeks
NCT04165239Start2019PhasePhase 2ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants27Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary4 weeks
NCT04148391Start2019PhasePhase 2ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants99Lead sponsorIndustryStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Paired Associate LearningSecondary12 weeks
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary12 weeks
NCT04003402Start2019PhasePhase 1ConditionsHealthy volunteersParticipants20Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningPrimarysame day
NCT03876769Start2019PhasePhase 2ConditionsCancerParticipants121Lead sponsorIndustryStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary5 years
NCT03510884Start2018PhasePhase 3ConditionsOther conditionsParticipants153Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompleted

ResultsPaper

Library tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary2 years
NCT03463590Start2018PhaseNot applicableConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants6Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Hidden Path LearningSecondary9 months

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many clinical trials use Hidden Path Learning?

66 registered studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 27 of them in a primary outcome.

In which conditions do trials use Hidden Path Learning?

Most often in healthy volunteers (13), dementia and Alzheimer's disease (10) and schizophrenia and psychosis (7).

Do new trials use Hidden Path Learning more or less?

0.2% of the studies that started in 2021 to 2025 name it, against 0.5% of those that started in 2016 to 2020: a share 57% smaller.

Which tests do trials use with Hidden Path Learning?

Paired Associate Learning (10 studies), Symbol Coding (9 studies) and Verbal Learning (9 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 trials that use Hidden Path Learning enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 97 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 51 to 114. 12 of them give a size.

When do trials measure Hidden Path Learning?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Hidden Path Learning are measured within 2 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 8 weeks. 27 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed trials that use Hidden Path Learning have reported results?

26 of the 46 completed studies that name it, 57%, have reported results: 21 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 15 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 10 did both. The other 20 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on tests in clinical trials

  • Hidden Path Learning: what it measures, its scores, and a version to try
  • All 101 tests in clinical trials
  • Cognitive tests by condition
  • Every registered study, by test, condition, phase and year

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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