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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Cognitive impairment and decline
  6. /Verbal Learning

Clinical trials data

Verbal Learning in cognitive impairment and decline trials: 79 registered studies

Every registered cognitive impairment and decline study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Verbal Learning in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered cognitive impairment and decline studies name it in an outcome measure
79
Name it in a primary outcome, 54%
43 of 79
Of the condition's 354 studies name it, against 11% of all registered studies
22%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
80
By phase
Try Verbal LearningTry the Grocery Trip Game

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that cognitive impairment and decline studies naming Verbal Learning name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Trail Making Test34 studies, 13 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Digit Span Test27 studies, 14 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Fluency24 studies, 13 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Stroop Color-Word Test20 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding19 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Category Fluency16 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Picture Naming Test13 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Continuous Performance Test7 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Clock Drawing Task7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 7 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 6 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 9 studies, 7 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 7 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200211
200300
200400
200500
200600
200711
200811
200900
201022
201100
201275
201300
201431
201521
201643
201784
201852
201941
202063
202131
202262
202397
202462
202542
202674

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 1/21 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 24 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 31 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 46 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable53 studies, 30 as a primary outcome
  • Observational13 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Not applicable84 median, 44 to 146
  • Observational112 median, 64 to 150
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per cognitive impairment and decline study that names Verbal Learning, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable538444 to 146
Observational1311264 to 150

When cognitive impairment and decline trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 6 weeks to 11 months. 41 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day11 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks4 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months17 outcomes, 12 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months20 outcomes, 9 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months14 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years7 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given3 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

76 of the 79 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting18 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Completed33 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown16 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral25 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Drug12 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Device11 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement9 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other15 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • None given4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States24 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • China12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Canada8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Spain7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • South Korea4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Italy3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Australia2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • France2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Mexico2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Taiwan2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

21 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 4 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed cognitive impairment and decline studies that name Verbal Learning: 17 of 33, 52%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed cognitive impairment and decline studies that name Verbal Learning and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted cognitive impairment and decline studies that name Verbal LearningEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper2, 6%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only9, 27%1,139, 14%
A results paper only6, 18%1,711, 22%
Neither16, 48%4,327, 54%

The 79 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionCognitive impairment and decline
TestVerbal Learning

79 studies match. 43 name Verbal Learning in a primary outcome. Median size 80 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 13 weeks.

Loading 79 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
02.557.5102000: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2002: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2012: 7 studies, 5 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2013: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2014: 3 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2015: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2017: 8 studies, 4 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2018: 5 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2019: 4 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2020: 6 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20202021: 3 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2023: 9 studies, 7 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2024: 6 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2025: 4 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20252026: 7 studies, 4 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200211
200300
200400
200500
200600
200711
200811
200900
201022
201100
201275
201300
201431
201521
201643
201784
201852
201941
202063
202131
202262
202397
202462
202542
202674

Library tests named most

  • Verbal Learning79 studies, 43 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test34 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test27 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency24 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test20 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding19 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency16 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test13 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Continuous Performance Test7 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Conditions

  • Cognitive impairment and decline79 studies, 43 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 1, other 78. Interventional 66, observational 13.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeVerbal Learning

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07891650Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants160Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
NCT07833644Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants36Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary8 weeks
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary8 weeks
NCT07751510Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants75Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary13 weeks
NCT07531888Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 weeks
  • Tower PlanningPrimary6 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimary6 weeks
NCT07463391Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
NCT07453537Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants84Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 years
  • Vocabulary TestSecondary2 years
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary2 years
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary2 years
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondary2 years
  • Arithmetic Fluency TaskPrimary2 years
NCT07402161Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants250Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 years
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 years
  • Verbal FluencySecondary2 years
  • Category FluencySecondary2 years
  • Short Story RecallSecondary2 years
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary2 years
NCT07334366Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary12 weeks
NCT07272174Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary6 months
  • Dimensional Change Card SortSecondary6 months
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary6 months
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary6 months
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondary6 months
NCT07042633Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary12 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary
NCT07018830Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants11Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
NCT07011680Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary12 weeks
NCT06933095Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants153Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
NCT06832839Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants360Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary6 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary6 months
NCT06799429Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
NCT06758154Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants92Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary8 weeks
  • Category FluencySecondary8 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary8 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary8 weeks
NCT06515106Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 months
  • Category FluencyPrimary12 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary12 months
  • Symbol Scan TaskPrimary12 months
NCT06466642Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants43Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknown

Paper 1Paper 2

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary10 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary10 weeks
  • Task Switching TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Symbol Scan TaskPrimary10 weeks
NCT06442943Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants128Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary6 months
NCT06227962Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants240Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary
  • Digit Span TestPrimary
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary
  • Symbol Scan TaskPrimary
NCT06183788Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary18 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary18 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary18 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary18 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary18 months
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary18 months
  • Category FluencyPrimary18 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary18 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary18 months
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionSecondary18 months
  • Spatial Working MemorySecondary18 months
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary18 months
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary18 months
NCT06078748Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants140Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
NCT06066619Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants126Lead sponsorOtherStatusStopped earlyLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary2 years
  • Vocabulary TestPrimary2 years
  • Size Order Memory TestPrimary2 years
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonPrimary2 years
  • Picture Order Memory TestPrimary2 years
NCT05854433Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondarysame day
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondarysame day
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondarysame day
NCT05720585Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCognitive impairment and declineParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary4 weeks

Page 1 of 4

Questions, answered from the data

How many cognitive impairment and decline trials use Verbal Learning?

79 registered cognitive impairment and decline studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 43 of them in a primary outcome: 22% of the condition's 354 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 11% of all of them. It is the test cognitive impairment and decline trials name most.

Which tests do cognitive impairment and decline trials use with Verbal Learning?

The Trail Making Test (34 studies), the Digit Span Test (27 studies) and Verbal Fluency (24 studies).

When do cognitive impairment and decline trials measure Verbal Learning?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 6 weeks to 11 months. 41 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed cognitive impairment and decline trials that use Verbal Learning have reported results?

17 of the 33 completed studies that name it, 52%, have reported results: 11 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 8 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 2 did both. The other 16 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on Verbal Learning and cognitive impairment and decline

  • Every cognitive test in cognitive impairment and decline trials: 354 studies
  • Verbal Learning in all clinical trials: 1,832 studies

Verbal Learning in other conditions

  • Cancer235
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's224
  • Mild cognitive impairment183
  • Depression and bipolar disorder178
  • Multiple sclerosis139
  • Aging, frailty and exercise128
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis112
  • Brain injury and concussion111
  • Substance use and addiction77
  • Obesity and diabetes74
  • Pain and fatigue72
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD70
  • Sleep and sleep disorders66
  • Cardiovascular disease64
  • Stroke63
  • Parkinson's disease61
  • Healthy volunteers56
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care51

Other tests in cognitive impairment and decline trials

  • Trail Making Test77
  • Verbal Fluency63
  • Digit Span Test60

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Verbal Learning and Grocery Trip Game as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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