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    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
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  1. Home
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  5. /Substance use and addiction
  6. /Verbal Learning

Clinical trials data

Verbal Learning in substance use and addiction trials: 77 registered studies

Every registered substance use and addiction study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Verbal Learning in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered substance use and addiction studies name it in an outcome measure
77
Name it in a primary outcome, 43%
33 of 77
Of the condition's 895 studies name it, against 11% of all registered studies
9%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
52
By phase
Try Verbal LearningTry the Grocery Trip Game

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that substance use and addiction studies naming Verbal Learning name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Continuous Performance Test16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Trail Making Test15 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Digit Span Test14 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Symbol Coding11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Stop-Signal Task9 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Verbal Fluency9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Stroop Color-Word Test7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Go/No-Go Task6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    N-Back Task6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 3 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 7 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 9 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200110
200200
200311
200400
200520
200621
200711
200821
200921
201062
201100
201210
201333
201430
201533
201643
201742
201851
201973
202011
202196
202230
202332
202441
202551
202630

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 17 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 114 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/23 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 214 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 34 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 45 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable23 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Observational7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Phase 135 median, 17 to 95
  • Phase 269 median, 49 to 116
  • Not applicable60 median, 46 to 90
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per substance use and addiction study that names Verbal Learning, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 1143517 to 95
Phase 2146949 to 116
Not applicable216046 to 90

When substance use and addiction trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 4 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 12 weeks. 30 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day22 outcomes, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks16 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months18 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months10 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given6 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

71 of the 77 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting16 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed45 studies, 24 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral18 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Drug51 studies, 24 as a primary outcome
  • Device3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • None given3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States54 studies, 27 as a primary outcome
  • Canada10 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Australia1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • China1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Czechia1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Spain1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

10 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 4 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed substance use and addiction studies that name Verbal Learning: 33 of 45, 73%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed substance use and addiction studies that name Verbal Learning and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted substance use and addiction studies that name Verbal LearningEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper6, 13%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only14, 31%1,139, 14%
A results paper only13, 29%1,711, 22%
Neither12, 27%4,327, 54%

The 77 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionSubstance use and addiction
TestVerbal Learning

77 studies match. 33 name Verbal Learning in a primary outcome. Median size 52 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 4 weeks.

Loading 77 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
02.557.5102000: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20002001: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2005: 2 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20052006: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2010: 6 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2013: 3 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2014: 3 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2018: 5 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2019: 7 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2020: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20202021: 9 studies, 6 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2022: 3 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2024: 4 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2025: 5 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20252026: 3 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 that started before 2000 and 1 planned to start after 2026.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200110
200200
200311
200400
200520
200621
200711
200821
200921
201062
201100
201210
201333
201430
201533
201643
201742
201851
201973
202011
202196
202230
202332
202441
202551
202630

Library tests named most

  • Verbal Learning77 studies, 33 as a primary outcome
  • Continuous Performance Test16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test15 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test14 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Stop-Signal Task9 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Go/No-Go Task6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Substance use and addiction77 studies, 33 as a primary outcome
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD10 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke1 study, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • ADHD1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 3, other 74. Interventional 70, observational 7.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeVerbal Learning

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07886606Start2021PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Pain and fatigueParticipants34Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimarysame day
NCT07885085Start2027PhaseObservationalConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Substance use and addiction, Delirium, surgery and intensive care, Pain and fatigueParticipants552Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome6 months
NCT07878130Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Delayed Recall ModuleSecondary13 weeks
NCT07218471Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants176Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary8 weeks
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary8 weeks
  • Face-name Memory TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT07160153Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants29Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Tower PlanningSecondary8 weeks
NCT07056894Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Substance use and addictionParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary5 months
NCT07001878Start2025PhasePhase 4ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Substance use and addictionParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
NCT06808048Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Pain and fatigueParticipants180Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary4 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary4 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary4 months
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary4 months
  • Tower PlanningPrimary4 months
  • Paired Associate LearningPrimary4 months
  • Iowa Gambling LitePrimary4 months
  • Word Pair LearningPrimary4 months
NCT06544291Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Pain and fatigueParticipants147Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondarysame day
  • Dot-Probe TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06381180Start2025PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants500Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary9 months
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Secondary9 months
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary9 months
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondary9 months
NCT06335407Start2025PhasePhase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
NCT05859347Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants46Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary8 weeks
NCT05822362Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairment, Substance use and addictionParticipants236Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary6 months
NCT05503147Start2022PhasePhase 1ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Substance use and addictionParticipants17Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknown

Paper 1Paper 2

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 days
NCT05488509Start2023PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants121Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Digit Span TestPrimarysame day
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimarysame day
  • DRM False Memory TaskPrimarysame day
NCT05386862Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipantsNot givenLead sponsorOtherStatusStopped earlyLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondary12 months
NCT05210608Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants13Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary4 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingPrimary4 weeks
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary4 weeks
  • Tower of HanoiPrimary4 weeks
NCT05188404Start2021PhaseObservationalConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants326Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary4 weeks
NCT05170217Start2017PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants46Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper 1Paper 2

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • N-Back TaskSecondarysame day
  • Spatial N-Back TaskSecondarysame day
NCT05160688Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants146Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary4 days
  • Symbol CodingPrimary6 weeks
  • Dimensional Change Card SortPrimary6 weeks
  • Vocabulary TestPrimary6 weeks
  • Size Order Memory TestPrimary6 weeks
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonPrimary6 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestPrimary6 weeks
NCT04998006Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants77Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper 1Paper 2

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome2 weeks
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary2 weeks
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary2 weeks
  • Purchase TaskSecondary
NCT04935619Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Substance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants52Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary4 weeks
NCT04902092Start2019PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Substance use and addictionParticipants65Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Paired Associate LearningSecondary6 months
NCT04855526Start2025PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants9Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskSecondarysame day
  • Associative Recognition TestPrimarysame day
  • Relational and Item Encoding TaskPrimarysame day
NCT04827056Start2021PhasePhase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary

Page 1 of 4

Questions, answered from the data

How many substance use and addiction trials use Verbal Learning?

77 registered substance use and addiction studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 33 of them in a primary outcome: 9% of the condition's 895 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 11% of all of them. It is the 6th most named test in substance use and addiction trials.

Which tests do substance use and addiction trials use with Verbal Learning?

The Continuous Performance Test (16 studies), the Trail Making Test (15 studies) and the Digit Span Test (14 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 substance use and addiction trials that use Verbal Learning enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 69 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 49 to 116. 14 of them give a size.

When do substance use and addiction trials measure Verbal Learning?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 4 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 12 weeks. 30 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed substance use and addiction trials that use Verbal Learning have reported results?

33 of the 45 completed studies that name it, 73%, have reported results: 20 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 19 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 6 did both. The other 12 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on Verbal Learning and substance use and addiction

  • Every cognitive test in substance use and addiction trials: 895 studies
  • Verbal Learning in all clinical trials: 1,832 studies

Verbal Learning in other conditions

  • Cancer235
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's224
  • Mild cognitive impairment183
  • Depression and bipolar disorder178
  • Multiple sclerosis139
  • Aging, frailty and exercise128
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis112
  • Brain injury and concussion111
  • Cognitive impairment and decline79
  • Obesity and diabetes74
  • Pain and fatigue72
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD70
  • Sleep and sleep disorders66
  • Cardiovascular disease64
  • Stroke63
  • Parkinson's disease61
  • Healthy volunteers56
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care51

Other tests in substance use and addiction trials

  • Cue Reactivity Task158
  • Delay Discounting104
  • Stop-Signal Task92
  • Go/No-Go Task80
  • Purchase Task78
  • Stroop Color-Word Test75
  • N-Back Task68
  • Symbol Coding60
  • Continuous Performance Test53
  • Trail Making Test52

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Verbal Learning and Grocery Trip Game as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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