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  1. Home
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  3. /Clinical trials
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  5. /Substance use and addiction
  6. /Cue Reactivity Task

Clinical trials data

Cue Reactivity Task in substance use and addiction trials: 158 registered studies

Every registered substance use and addiction study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Cue Reactivity Task in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

These counts cover cue reactivity tasks with any cues: drug, alcohol and smoking cues as well as food. The library's version, the Food Cue Reactivity Task, shows food.

Registered substance use and addiction studies name it in an outcome measure
158
Name it in a primary outcome, 56%
89 of 158
Of the condition's 895 studies name it, against 1% of all registered studies
18%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
60
By phase
Try the Food Cue Reactivity Task

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that substance use and addiction studies naming the Cue Reactivity Task name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Stop-Signal Task16 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Go/No-Go Task10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Dot-Probe Task9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Implicit Association Test (IAT)4 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    N-Back Task4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Iowa Gambling Lite4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Dimensional Change Card Sort3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Mirror Tracing Task3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Balloon Risk2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Continuous Performance Test2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 3 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 7 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 8 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 14 studies, 11 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 14 studies, 11 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 13 studies, 8 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 21 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 9 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 11 studies, 7 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 16 studies, 12 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200711
200800
200933
201021
201174
201221
201332
201441
201543
201672
201784
201882
20191411
20201411
2021138
202284
2023215
202495
2025117
20261612

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 12 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 17 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/28 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 250 studies, 24 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/33 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 31 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 44 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable76 studies, 42 as a primary outcome
  • Observational7 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Phase 250 median, 31 to 76
  • Not applicable83 median, 40 to 123
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per substance use and addiction study that names the Cue Reactivity Task, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2475031 to 76
Not applicable768340 to 123

When substance use and addiction trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Cue Reactivity Task are measured within 2 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 5 weeks. 73 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day29 outcomes, 22 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks57 outcomes, 30 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months34 outcomes, 17 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months10 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given25 outcomes, 16 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

132 of the 157 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting36 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting12 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Completed86 studies, 47 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral50 studies, 29 as a primary outcome
  • Drug72 studies, 40 as a primary outcome
  • Device33 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other30 studies, 19 as a primary outcome
  • None given2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States107 studies, 66 as a primary outcome
  • Germany14 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • China7 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Canada2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • France2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Israel2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Portugal2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Australia1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

15 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 7 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed substance use and addiction studies that name the Cue Reactivity Task: 49 of 86, 57%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed substance use and addiction studies that name the Cue Reactivity Task and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted substance use and addiction studies that name the Cue Reactivity TaskEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper14, 16%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only22, 26%1,139, 14%
A results paper only13, 15%1,711, 22%
Neither37, 43%4,327, 54%

The 158 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionSubstance use and addiction
TestThe Cue Reactivity Task

158 studies match. 89 name the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome. Median size 60 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 2 weeks.

Loading 158 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
01020302000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 1 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2009: 3 studies, 3 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 1 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome20102011: 7 studies, 4 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 1 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2013: 3 studies, 2 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2014: 4 studies, 1 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 3 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome20152016: 7 studies, 2 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2017: 8 studies, 4 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2018: 8 studies, 2 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2019: 14 studies, 11 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2020: 14 studies, 11 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome20202021: 13 studies, 8 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2022: 8 studies, 4 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2023: 21 studies, 5 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2024: 9 studies, 5 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome2025: 11 studies, 7 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome20252026: 16 studies, 12 naming the Cue Reactivity Task in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 3 planned to start after 2026.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200711
200800
200933
201021
201174
201221
201332
201441
201543
201672
201784
201882
20191411
20201411
2021138
202284
2023215
202495
2025117
20261612

Library tests named most

  • Cue Reactivity Task158 studies, 89 as a primary outcome
  • Stop-Signal Task16 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Go/No-Go Task10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Dot-Probe Task9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Implicit Association Test (IAT)4 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Iowa Gambling Lite4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Dimensional Change Card Sort3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Mirror Tracing Task3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Balloon Risk2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Conditions

  • Substance use and addiction158 studies, 89 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD7 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Healthy volunteers2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • ADHD1 study, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise1 study, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Obesity and diabetes1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 4, NIH 7, other 147. Interventional 151, observational 7.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Cue Reactivity Task

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07879612Start2027PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary8 weeks
NCT07878624Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimarysame day
NCT07829510Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Substance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants300Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary13 weeks
NCT07814755Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskSecondary4 weeks
NCT07775807Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants5Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondarysame day
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary
NCT07770555Start2027PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants12Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskOther outcome6 weeks
NCT07735923Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants104Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary6 weeks
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary6 weeks
NCT07698470Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimarysame day
NCT07523633Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskSecondary5 months
NCT07452146Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants64Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimarysame day
NCT07397507Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants108Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary
NCT07387796Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Dimensional Change Card SortSecondary8 weeks
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary8 weeks
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary8 weeks
  • Effort Discounting TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT07296094Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants36Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary6 months
  • Dot-Probe TaskSecondary
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondary6 months
  • Mirror Tracing TaskSecondary6 months
NCT07292519Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsObesity and diabetes, Substance use and addictionParticipants46Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskSecondary12 weeks
  • Purchase TaskOther outcome12 weeks
NCT07265752Start2027PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants6Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary5 weeks
NCT07220148Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants234Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary2 years
NCT07154160Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants21Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondarysame day
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary
NCT07145866Start2026PhasePhase 4ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary12 weeks
NCT07118618Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary5 weeks
NCT07094061Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Substance use and addictionParticipants294Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskSecondarysame day
NCT07091877Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants252Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary5 months
NCT07086014Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants88Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary13 weeks
NCT06943859Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT06939088Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Substance use and addictionParticipants108Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskSecondary16 weeks
NCT06870110Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants40Lead sponsorIndustryStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Cue Reactivity TaskSecondary
  • Dot-Probe TaskPrimarysame day

Page 1 of 7

Questions, answered from the data

How many substance use and addiction trials use the Cue Reactivity Task?

158 registered substance use and addiction studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 89 of them in a primary outcome: 18% of the condition's 895 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 1% of all of them. It is the test substance use and addiction trials name most.

Which tests do substance use and addiction trials use with the Cue Reactivity Task?

The Stop-Signal Task (16 studies), the Go/No-Go Task (10 studies) and the Dot-Probe Task (9 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 substance use and addiction trials that use the Cue Reactivity Task enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 50 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 31 to 76. 47 of them give a size.

When do substance use and addiction trials measure the Cue Reactivity Task?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Cue Reactivity Task are measured within 2 weeks of the start, and the middle half from the first day to 5 weeks. 73 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed substance use and addiction trials that use the Cue Reactivity Task have reported results?

49 of the 86 completed studies that name it, 57%, have reported results: 36 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 27 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 14 did both. The other 37 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Cue Reactivity Task and substance use and addiction

  • Every cognitive test in substance use and addiction trials: 895 studies
  • The Cue Reactivity Task in all clinical trials: 188 studies

Other tests in substance use and addiction trials

  • Delay Discounting104
  • Stop-Signal Task92
  • Go/No-Go Task80
  • Purchase Task78
  • Verbal Learning77
  • Stroop Color-Word Test75
  • N-Back Task68
  • Symbol Coding60
  • Continuous Performance Test53
  • Trail Making Test52

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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