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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
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  5. /Substance use and addiction
  6. /Stop-Signal Task

Clinical trials data

Stop-Signal Task in substance use and addiction trials: 92 registered studies

Every registered substance use and addiction study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Stop-Signal Task in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered substance use and addiction studies name it in an outcome measure
92
Name it in a primary outcome, 46%
42 of 92
Of the condition's 895 studies name it, against 2% of all registered studies
10%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
74
By phase
Try the Stop-Signal Task

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that substance use and addiction studies naming the Stop-Signal Task name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Cue Reactivity Task16 studies, 10 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    N-Back Task12 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Balloon Risk11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Delay Discounting11 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Stroop Color-Word Test10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Verbal Learning9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Monetary Incentive Delay6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Trail Making Test6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Go/No-Go Task5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Digit Span Test5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 5 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 8 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 16 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 7 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 7 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 8 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200821
200900
201010
201121
201210
201300
201420
201531
201684
201753
201883
2019166
202076
202176
202242
202385
202472
202551
202661

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 14 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 14 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/22 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 210 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 43 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable60 studies, 25 as a primary outcome
  • Observational9 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Not applicable83 median, 37 to 120
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per substance use and addiction study that names the Stop-Signal Task, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable608337 to 120

When substance use and addiction trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Stop-Signal Task are measured within 4 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 5 days to 8 weeks. 36 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day13 outcomes, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks37 outcomes, 15 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months18 outcomes, 8 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months6 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months5 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years2 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given10 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

82 of the 92 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting17 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Completed48 studies, 27 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown15 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral34 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Drug26 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Device23 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • None given3 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States36 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • China17 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Germany11 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • France3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Spain2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Canada1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Mexico1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Norway1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

17 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 5 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed substance use and addiction studies that name the Stop-Signal Task: 22 of 48, 46%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed substance use and addiction studies that name the Stop-Signal Task and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted substance use and addiction studies that name the Stop-Signal TaskEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper5, 10%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only6, 13%1,139, 14%
A results paper only11, 23%1,711, 22%
Neither26, 54%4,327, 54%

The 92 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionSubstance use and addiction
TestThe Stop-Signal Task

92 studies match. 42 name the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome. Median size 74 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 4 weeks.

Loading 92 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
051015202000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 1 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2013: 0 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 0 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 1 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 4 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2017: 5 studies, 3 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2018: 8 studies, 3 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2019: 16 studies, 6 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2020: 7 studies, 6 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome20202021: 7 studies, 6 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 2 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2023: 8 studies, 5 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2024: 7 studies, 2 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome2025: 5 studies, 1 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome20252026: 6 studies, 1 naming the Stop-Signal Task in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200821
200900
201010
201121
201210
201300
201420
201531
201684
201753
201883
2019166
202076
202176
202242
202385
202472
202551
202661

Library tests named most

  • Stop-Signal Task92 studies, 42 as a primary outcome
  • Cue Reactivity Task16 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task12 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Balloon Risk11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Delay Discounting11 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Monetary Incentive Delay6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Go/No-Go Task5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Conditions

  • Substance use and addiction92 studies, 42 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder6 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • ADHD3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Obesity and diabetes2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Brain injury and concussion1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Healthy volunteers1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 2, other 90. Interventional 83, observational 9.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Stop-Signal Task

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07843615Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary4 weeks
NCT07802223Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary4 weeks
NCT07775807Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants5Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondarysame day
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary
NCT07417059Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants21Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
  • Category FluencySecondarysame day
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskSecondarysame day
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondarysame day
NCT07227545Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants18Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary2 weeks
  • Balloon RiskSecondary2 weeks
NCT07154160Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants21Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondarysame day
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimary
NCT06977178Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants180Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • N-Back TaskPrimary2 years
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary2 years
  • Perceptual Load TaskPrimary2 years
NCT06957392Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary4 weeks
NCT06867224Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary
  • Monetary Incentive DelaySecondary
NCT06798324Start2025PhasePhase 4ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants160Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • N-Back TaskSecondary12 months
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary12 months
  • Sustained Attention to ResponseSecondary12 months
NCT06759051Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants180Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondary4 weeks
  • Monetary Incentive DelaySecondary4 weeks
NCT06457230Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary1 week
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningPrimary1 week
NCT06454474Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants21Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary5 days
NCT06387719Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetes, Substance use and addictionParticipants102Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondarysame day
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskSecondarysame day
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondarysame day
  • Monetary Incentive DelayPrimary
NCT06346353Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Substance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants756Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • N-Back TaskPrimarysame day
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06326684Start2024PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • N-Back TaskSecondary3 weeks
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary3 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary3 weeks
NCT06292156Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants68Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary3 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary3 weeks
  • Short Story RecallPrimary3 weeks
NCT06242704Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants72Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingPrimary13 weeks
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Balloon RiskSecondary13 weeks
NCT06165198Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants9Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary4 weeks
NCT06105853Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimarysame day
  • Cue Reactivity TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06090422Start2025PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Substance use and addictionParticipants34Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskOther outcome3 days
  • Paired Associate LearningOther outcome3 days
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftOther outcome3 days
NCT06077292Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants110Lead sponsorOtherStatusStopped earlyLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary5 weeks
  • Tower PlanningPrimary5 weeks
  • Paired Associate LearningPrimary5 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingPrimary5 weeks
  • Purchase TaskOther outcomesame day
  • Spatial Working MemoryPrimary5 weeks
  • Delayed Match-to-SamplePrimary5 weeks
  • One-Touch Tower PlanningPrimary5 weeks
  • Recognition Memory TestPrimary5 weeks
NCT05992272Start2020PhaseObservationalConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants300Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimarysame day
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimarysame day
  • Simon TaskPrimarysame day
NCT05946083Start2023PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants82Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary
  • Cue Reactivity TaskSecondary
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionSecondary
  • Delayed Match-to-SampleSecondary
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftSecondary
  • Betting Choice TaskSecondary
  • Emotional Face Matching TaskSecondary
  • Think and No-Think TaskSecondary
NCT05899660Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Substance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary13 weeks
  • Letter Memory TaskPrimary13 weeks

Page 1 of 4

Questions, answered from the data

How many substance use and addiction trials use the Stop-Signal Task?

92 registered substance use and addiction studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 42 of them in a primary outcome: 10% of the condition's 895 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 2% of all of them. It is the 3rd most named test in substance use and addiction trials.

Which tests do substance use and addiction trials use with the Stop-Signal Task?

The Cue Reactivity Task (16 studies), the N-Back Task (12 studies) and Balloon Risk (11 studies).

When do substance use and addiction trials measure the Stop-Signal Task?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Stop-Signal Task are measured within 4 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 5 days to 8 weeks. 36 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed substance use and addiction trials that use the Stop-Signal Task have reported results?

22 of the 48 completed studies that name it, 46%, have reported results: 11 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 16 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 5 did both. The other 26 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Stop-Signal Task and substance use and addiction

  • Every cognitive test in substance use and addiction trials: 895 studies
  • The Stop-Signal Task in all clinical trials: 321 studies

Other tests in substance use and addiction trials

  • Cue Reactivity Task158
  • Delay Discounting104
  • Go/No-Go Task80
  • Purchase Task78
  • Verbal Learning77
  • Stroop Color-Word Test75
  • N-Back Task68
  • Symbol Coding60
  • Continuous Performance Test53
  • Trail Making Test52

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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