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  5. /Substance use and addiction
  6. /Continuous Performance Test

Clinical trials data

Continuous Performance Test in substance use and addiction trials: 53 registered studies

Every registered substance use and addiction study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Continuous Performance Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered substance use and addiction studies name it in an outcome measure
53
Name it in a primary outcome, 32%
17 of 53
Of the condition's 895 studies name it, against 4% of all registered studies
6%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
45
By phase
Try the Continuous Performance Test

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that substance use and addiction studies naming the Continuous Performance Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    AX Continuous Performance Test23 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Learning16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Trail Making Test11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    N-Back Task9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Digit Span Test9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Stroop Color-Word Test6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Stop-Signal Task5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Letter-Number Sequencing Task4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Balloon Risk4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 4 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 4 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200410
200500
200621
200721
200821
200921
201031
201131
201220
201311
201451
201531
201621
201710
201840
201931
202021
202132
202220
202331
202440
202500
202622

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 15 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 17 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/22 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 213 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/31 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 32 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable18 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Observational5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Phase 248 median, 36 to 100
  • Not applicable43 median, 29 to 59
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per substance use and addiction study that names the Continuous Performance Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2134836 to 100
Not applicable184329 to 59

When substance use and addiction trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Continuous Performance Test are measured within 3 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 days to 6 weeks. 16 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day9 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks18 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months15 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months4 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given6 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

47 of the 53 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Completed37 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral16 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Drug30 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Device5 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • None given2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States40 studies, 15 as a primary outcome
  • Canada4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • China1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Czechia1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Hong Kong1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Norway1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • South Africa1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Spain1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Taiwan1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

10 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 2 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed substance use and addiction studies that name the Continuous Performance Test: 23 of 37, 62%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed substance use and addiction studies that name the Continuous Performance Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted substance use and addiction studies that name the Continuous Performance TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper10, 27%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only9, 24%1,139, 14%
A results paper only4, 11%1,711, 22%
Neither14, 38%4,327, 54%

The 53 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionSubstance use and addiction
TestThe Continuous Performance Test

53 studies match. 17 name the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome. Median size 45 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 3 weeks.

Loading 53 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
02462000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20052006: 2 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2007: 2 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2010: 3 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20102011: 3 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2014: 5 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20152016: 2 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2017: 1 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2018: 4 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20202021: 3 studies, 2 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2022: 2 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2024: 4 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2025: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20252026: 2 studies, 2 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 that started before 2000.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200410
200500
200621
200721
200821
200921
201031
201131
201220
201311
201451
201531
201621
201710
201840
201931
202021
202132
202220
202331
202440
202500
202622

Library tests named most

  • Continuous Performance Test53 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • AX Continuous Performance Test23 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Stop-Signal Task5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Letter-Number Sequencing Task4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Balloon Risk4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

Conditions

  • Substance use and addiction53 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • ADHD5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Obesity and diabetes1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 1, other 52. Interventional 48, observational 5.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Continuous Performance Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07886606Start2021PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Pain and fatigueParticipants34Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimarysame day
NCT07852052Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants34Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary13 weeks
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
NCT07160153Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants29Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Tower PlanningSecondary8 weeks
NCT06544291Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Pain and fatigueParticipants147Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondarysame day
  • Dot-Probe TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06387719Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetes, Substance use and addictionParticipants102Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondarysame day
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskSecondarysame day
  • Iowa Gambling LiteSecondarysame day
  • Monetary Incentive DelayPrimary
NCT06351540Start2026PhasePhase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimarysame day
  • Antisaccade TaskSecondarysame day
NCT06261905Start2024PhasePhase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants5Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary6 days
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningSecondary6 days
NCT06244329Start2020PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants48Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary
NCT06063200Start2024PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsADHD, Substance use and addictionParticipants31Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondarysame day
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Attention Network TestSecondarysame day
  • Attentional Blink TaskPrimarysame day
NCT05859347Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants46Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary8 weeks
NCT05535101Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Substance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary16 weeks
NCT04993300Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Substance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants5Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary5 months
NCT04935619Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Substance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants52Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary4 weeks
NCT04883255Start2023PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants57Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary5 days
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Iowa Gambling LitePrimary5 days
  • Progressive Ratio TaskPrimary5 days
  • Temporal Bisection TaskPrimary5 days
NCT04587791Start2021PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Pain and fatigueParticipants23Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimarysame day
NCT04496934Start2018PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants17Lead sponsorOtherStatusStopped earlyLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary12 weeks
NCT04210713Start2020PhasePhase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants142Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary4 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary4 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary4 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary4 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary4 weeks
  • Stop-Signal TaskPrimary4 weeks
NCT04055467Start2019PhasePhase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants15Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestSecondary
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
NCT03709667Start2019PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants113Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary8 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary8 weeks
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Finger Tapping TaskSecondary8 weeks
  • Balloon RiskSecondary8 weeks
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningSecondary8 weeks
NCT03648684Start2018PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants131Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary2 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskSecondary2 weeks
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary2 weeks
  • Symbol Scan TaskSecondary2 weeks
NCT03588728Start2018PhaseNot applicableConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Substance use and addictionParticipants39Lead sponsorOtherStatusStopped early

Results

Library tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary4 weeks
  • AX Continuous Performance TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Cue Reactivity TaskSecondary4 weeks
NCT03565497Start2019PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusStopped early

Results

Library tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
  • N-Back TaskPrimary1 week
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary1 week
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Mirror Tracing TaskPrimary1 week
NCT03059563Start2018PhasePhase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants62Lead sponsorOtherStatusStopped earlyLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary3 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary3 weeks
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary3 weeks
  • Delay DiscountingSecondary3 weeks
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Balloon RiskSecondary3 weeks
  • Probabilistic Reversal LearningSecondary3 weeks
NCT02929979Start2015PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Results

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary6 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary6 weeks
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary6 weeks
  • Iowa Gambling LitePrimary6 weeks
NCT02907853Start2015PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addictionParticipants28Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary8 weeks
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Balloon RiskSecondary8 weeks

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many substance use and addiction trials use the Continuous Performance Test?

53 registered substance use and addiction studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 17 of them in a primary outcome: 6% of the condition's 895 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 4% of all of them. It is the 10th most named test in substance use and addiction trials.

Which tests do substance use and addiction trials use with the Continuous Performance Test?

The AX Continuous Performance Test (23 studies), Verbal Learning (16 studies) and the Trail Making Test (11 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 substance use and addiction trials that use the Continuous Performance Test enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 48 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 36 to 100. 13 of them give a size.

When do substance use and addiction trials measure the Continuous Performance Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Continuous Performance Test are measured within 3 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 days to 6 weeks. 16 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed substance use and addiction trials that use the Continuous Performance Test have reported results?

23 of the 37 completed studies that name it, 62%, have reported results: 19 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 14 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 10 did both. The other 14 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Continuous Performance Test and substance use and addiction

  • Every cognitive test in substance use and addiction trials: 895 studies
  • The Continuous Performance Test in all clinical trials: 638 studies

The Continuous Performance Test in other conditions

  • ADHD123
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis78
  • Depression and bipolar disorder73

Other tests in substance use and addiction trials

  • Cue Reactivity Task158
  • Delay Discounting104
  • Stop-Signal Task92
  • Go/No-Go Task80
  • Purchase Task78
  • Verbal Learning77
  • Stroop Color-Word Test75
  • N-Back Task68
  • Symbol Coding60
  • Trail Making Test52

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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