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  1. Home
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  5. /Depression and bipolar disorder
  6. /Continuous Performance Test

Clinical trials data

Continuous Performance Test in depression and bipolar disorder trials: 73 registered studies

Every registered depression and bipolar disorder study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Continuous Performance Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered depression and bipolar disorder studies name it in an outcome measure
73
Name it in a primary outcome, 37%
27 of 73
Of the condition's 1,247 studies name it, against 4% of all registered studies
6%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
72
By phase
Try the Continuous Performance Test

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that depression and bipolar disorder studies naming the Continuous Performance Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Trail Making Test21 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    AX Continuous Performance Test21 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Digit Span Test20 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Symbol Coding16 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Verbal Learning15 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)14 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Stroop Color-Word Test11 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Verbal Fluency10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Category Fluency7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    N-Back Task7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 5 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 5 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 12 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200510
200600
200700
200811
200900
201021
201122
201210
201311
201420
201543
201632
201752
201861
201952
202031
202154
202250
2023122
202461
202551
202621

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 12 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 211 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 32 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 45 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable44 studies, 15 as a primary outcome
  • Observational7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Phase 290 median, 40 to 110
  • Not applicable72 median, 44 to 109
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per depression and bipolar disorder study that names the Continuous Performance Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2119040 to 110
Not applicable447244 to 109

When depression and bipolar disorder trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Continuous Performance Test are measured within 8 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 weeks to 12 weeks. 25 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day11 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks20 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months19 outcomes, 14 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months13 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months2 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years3 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given3 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

68 of the 71 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting13 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed25 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown20 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Drug20 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Device27 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Genetic1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • None given5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States32 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • China11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Taiwan10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • France4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Canada3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Norway2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Spain2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Argentina1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • South Korea1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

12 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 4 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed depression and bipolar disorder studies that name the Continuous Performance Test: 15 of 25, 60%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed depression and bipolar disorder studies that name the Continuous Performance Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted depression and bipolar disorder studies that name the Continuous Performance TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper6, 24%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only5, 20%1,139, 14%
A results paper only4, 16%1,711, 22%
Neither10, 40%4,327, 54%

The 73 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionDepression and bipolar disorder
TestThe Continuous Performance Test

73 studies match. 27 name the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome. Median size 72 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 8 weeks.

Loading 73 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
0510152000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2005: 1 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 2 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 3 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20152016: 3 studies, 2 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2017: 5 studies, 2 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2019: 5 studies, 2 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2020: 3 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20202021: 5 studies, 4 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2022: 5 studies, 0 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2023: 12 studies, 2 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2024: 6 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome2025: 5 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome20252026: 2 studies, 1 naming the Continuous Performance Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 that started before 2000 and 1 planned to start after 2026.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200510
200600
200700
200811
200900
201021
201122
201210
201311
201420
201543
201632
201752
201861
201952
202031
202154
202250
2023122
202461
202551
202621

Library tests named most

  • Continuous Performance Test73 studies, 27 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test21 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • AX Continuous Performance Test21 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test20 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding16 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning15 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)14 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test11 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Conditions

  • Depression and bipolar disorder73 studies, 27 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD13 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Substance use and addiction4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Healthy volunteers3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Brain injury and concussion2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • ADHD2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Autism1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 2, other 71. Interventional 66, observational 7.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Continuous Performance Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07845409Start2027PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants138Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary10 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary10 weeks
  • AX Continuous Performance TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Monetary Incentive DelayPrimary10 weeks
  • Affective Go/No-GoPrimary10 weeks
NCT07834203Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants500Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Matrix ReasoningSecondary8 weeks
  • AX Continuous Performance TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Word Pair LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Four-Armed BanditPrimary8 weeks
NCT07512284Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Delayed Match-to-SampleOther outcome4 weeks
NCT07309302Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants64Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary5 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary5 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary5 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary5 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary5 months
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary5 months
  • Category FluencyPrimary5 months
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskPrimary5 months
  • Balloon RiskPrimary5 months
  • Emotional Stroop TaskPrimary5 months
  • Visual Search TestPrimary5 months
  • Serial Naming TaskPrimary5 months
NCT07039903Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, ADHDParticipants68Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary12 months
  • Category FluencySecondary12 months
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Secondary12 months
  • Task Switching TestSecondary12 months
NCT06913309Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants168Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary4 weeks
NCT06854224Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary5 weeks
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Gradual-Onset Continuous Performance TaskSecondary5 weeks
  • Point Subtraction Aggression TaskSecondary5 weeks
NCT06723743Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussion, Depression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimarysame day
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Gradual-Onset Continuous Performance TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06399406Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Delayed Match-to-SampleOther outcome4 weeks
NCT06350396Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants270Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary3 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary3 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary3 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary3 weeks
NCT06266611Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disorders, Anxiety, PTSD and OCD, Pain and fatigueParticipants185Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary8 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary8 weeks
NCT06255561Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants75Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary2 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary2 weeks
NCT06166082Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants130Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 days
  • Digit Span TestSecondary5 days
  • Symbol CodingSecondary5 days
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary5 days
NCT06112652Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusStopped earlyLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 days
  • Digit Span TestSecondary5 days
  • Symbol CodingSecondary5 days
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary5 days
NCT06095778Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary2 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary2 weeks
NCT06049888Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants500Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Go/No-Go TaskOther outcomesame day
  • Continuous Performance TestOther outcomesame day
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Gradual-Onset Continuous Performance TaskOther outcomesame day
NCT05977023Start2023PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary8 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary8 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary8 weeks
  • Short Story RecallPrimary8 weeks
NCT05976022Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary2 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary2 weeks
NCT05976009Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary3 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary3 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary3 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary3 weeks
NCT05964036Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 days
  • Digit Span TestSecondary5 days
  • Symbol CodingSecondary5 days
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary5 days
NCT05964023Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary3 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary3 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary3 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary3 weeks
NCT05948839Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants170Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary3 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary3 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary3 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary3 weeks
NCT05884112Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants105Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary6 months
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Secondary6 months
NCT05852912Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsDepression and bipolar disorderParticipants240Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary3 years
NCT05802004Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • AX Continuous Performance TestPrimary2 weeks

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many depression and bipolar disorder trials use the Continuous Performance Test?

73 registered depression and bipolar disorder studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 27 of them in a primary outcome: 6% of the condition's 1,247 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 4% of all of them. It is the 9th most named test in depression and bipolar disorder trials.

Which tests do depression and bipolar disorder trials use with the Continuous Performance Test?

The Trail Making Test (21 studies), the AX Continuous Performance Test (21 studies) and the Digit Span Test (20 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 depression and bipolar disorder trials that use the Continuous Performance Test enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 90 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 40 to 110. 11 of them give a size.

When do depression and bipolar disorder trials measure the Continuous Performance Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Continuous Performance Test are measured within 8 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 weeks to 12 weeks. 25 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed depression and bipolar disorder trials that use the Continuous Performance Test have reported results?

15 of the 25 completed studies that name it, 60%, have reported results: 11 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 10 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 6 did both. The other 10 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Continuous Performance Test and depression and bipolar disorder

  • Every cognitive test in depression and bipolar disorder trials: 1,247 studies
  • The Continuous Performance Test in all clinical trials: 638 studies

The Continuous Performance Test in other conditions

  • ADHD123
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis78
  • Substance use and addiction53

Other tests in depression and bipolar disorder trials

  • Trail Making Test204
  • Verbal Learning178
  • Verbal Fluency154
  • Digit Span Test143
  • Symbol Coding143
  • Stroop Color-Word Test138
  • Go/No-Go Task79
  • N-Back Task79
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)65

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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