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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Cardiovascular disease
  6. /Verbal Learning

Clinical trials data

Verbal Learning in cardiovascular trials: 64 registered studies

Every registered cardiovascular disease study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Verbal Learning in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered cardiovascular disease studies name it in an outcome measure
64
Name it in a primary outcome, 33%
21 of 64
Of the condition's 682 studies name it, against 11% of all registered studies
9%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
80
By phase
Try Verbal LearningTry the Grocery Trip Game

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that cardiovascular disease studies naming Verbal Learning name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Trail Making Test31 studies, 13 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Digit Span Test29 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Fluency26 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Stroop Color-Word Test18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Picture Naming Test10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Category Fluency8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    N-Back Task5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Task Switching Test4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Matrix Reasoning3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 7 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 4 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200821
200911
201031
201111
201210
201322
201470
201530
201632
201721
201811
201930
202043
202142
202261
202330
202461
202584
202640

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 27 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 44 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable41 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Observational10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Not applicable80 median, 32 to 116
  • Observational115 median, 100 to 203
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per cardiovascular disease study that names Verbal Learning, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable408032 to 116
Observational10115100 to 203

When cardiovascular trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 6 months of the start, and the middle half from 13 weeks to 12 months. 20 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks6 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months8 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months26 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months14 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years5 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

63 of the 64 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting14 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Completed27 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown11 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral15 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Drug18 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Device5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other14 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • None given4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States28 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Canada13 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • China6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Finland2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Indonesia2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • France1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Italy1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Kazakhstan1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Russia1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

15 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 3 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed cardiovascular disease studies that name Verbal Learning: 16 of 27, 59%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed cardiovascular disease studies that name Verbal Learning and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted cardiovascular disease studies that name Verbal LearningEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper6, 22%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only6, 22%1,139, 14%
A results paper only4, 15%1,711, 22%
Neither11, 41%4,327, 54%

The 64 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionCardiovascular disease
TestVerbal Learning

64 studies match. 21 name Verbal Learning in a primary outcome. Median size 80 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 6 months.

Loading 64 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
024682000: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2010: 3 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2014: 7 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20152016: 3 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2018: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2020: 4 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2024: 6 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2025: 8 studies, 4 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20252026: 4 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200821
200911
201031
201111
201210
201322
201470
201530
201632
201721
201811
201930
202043
202142
202261
202330
202461
202584
202640

Library tests named most

  • Verbal Learning64 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test31 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test29 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency26 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Task Switching Test4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Cardiovascular disease64 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Obesity and diabetes7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's1 study, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Multiple sclerosis1 study, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Substance use and addiction1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: other 64. Interventional 54, observational 10.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeVerbal Learning

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07689500Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants153Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
NCT07648498Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary4 weeks
NCT07607795Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
NCT07492537Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome12 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallOther outcome12 months
NCT07396025Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestOther outcome2 years
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome2 years
  • Block Copy TestOther outcome2 years
NCT07259434Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants152Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary16 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary16 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Secondary16 weeks
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondary16 weeks
NCT07202000Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants48Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
NCT06867198Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants72Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Vocabulary TestSecondary6 months
  • Face-name Memory TaskSecondary6 months
NCT06857994Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants101Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary
  • Digit Span TestPrimary
  • Symbol CodingPrimary
  • N-Back TaskSecondary
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary
NCT06855953Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 weeks
  • N-Back TaskPrimary12 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary12 weeks
NCT06788275Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants132Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary14 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary14 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary14 weeks
NCT06764121Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants32Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary16 weeks
NCT06735599Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Face-name Memory TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT06697418Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants266Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 years
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 years
  • Task Switching TestSecondary2 years
NCT06554340Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary5 days
  • Symbol CodingPrimary5 days
NCT06512922Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
NCT06469515Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants220Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
NCT06336174Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary12 months
NCT05980195Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
NCT05848934Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 months
NCT05595577Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants105Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
NCT05322824Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants500Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 years
  • Category FluencySecondary2 years
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary2 years
NCT05223426Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants54Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknown

Paper

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 weeks
  • N-Back TaskPrimary6 weeks
NCT05200234Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary6 months
NCT05195788Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • N-Back TaskSecondary13 weeks

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many cardiovascular trials use Verbal Learning?

64 registered cardiovascular disease studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 21 of them in a primary outcome: 9% of the condition's 682 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 11% of all of them. It is the 3rd most named test in cardiovascular trials.

Which tests do cardiovascular trials use with Verbal Learning?

The Trail Making Test (31 studies), the Digit Span Test (29 studies) and Verbal Fluency (26 studies).

When do cardiovascular trials measure Verbal Learning?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 6 months of the start, and the middle half from 13 weeks to 12 months. 20 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed cardiovascular trials that use Verbal Learning have reported results?

16 of the 27 completed studies that name it, 59%, have reported results: 12 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 10 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 6 did both. The other 11 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on Verbal Learning and cardiovascular disease

  • Every cognitive test in cardiovascular trials: 682 studies
  • Verbal Learning in all clinical trials: 1,832 studies

Verbal Learning in other conditions

  • Cancer235
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's224
  • Mild cognitive impairment183
  • Depression and bipolar disorder178
  • Multiple sclerosis139
  • Aging, frailty and exercise128
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis112
  • Brain injury and concussion111
  • Cognitive impairment and decline79
  • Substance use and addiction77
  • Obesity and diabetes74
  • Pain and fatigue72
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD70
  • Sleep and sleep disorders66
  • Stroke63
  • Parkinson's disease61
  • Healthy volunteers56
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care51

Other tests in cardiovascular trials

  • Trail Making Test105
  • Stroop Color-Word Test81
  • Verbal Fluency61
  • Digit Span Test59

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Verbal Learning and Grocery Trip Game as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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