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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Cardiovascular disease
  6. /Verbal Fluency

Clinical trials data

Verbal Fluency in cardiovascular trials: 61 registered studies

Every registered cardiovascular disease study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Verbal Fluency in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered cardiovascular disease studies name it in an outcome measure
61
Name it in a primary outcome, 34%
21 of 61
Of the condition's 682 studies name it, against 11% of all registered studies
9%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
100
By phase
Try Verbal Fluency

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that cardiovascular disease studies naming Verbal Fluency name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Trail Making Test29 studies, 10 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Learning26 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Digit Span Test22 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Stroop Color-Word Test16 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Category Fluency11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Symbol Coding10 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Picture Naming Test8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Clock Drawing Task5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Task Switching Test4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 7 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 5 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 5 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200410
200500
200600
200700
200800
200900
201021
201121
201200
201310
201452
201552
201651
201721
201822
201910
202074
202153
202250
202361
202430
202552
202641

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 24 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 31 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 43 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable33 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Observational18 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200500
  • Not applicable60 median, 29 to 138
  • Observational150 median, 80 to 600
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per cardiovascular disease study that names Verbal Fluency, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable316029 to 138
Observational1715080 to 600

When cardiovascular trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Fluency are measured within 12 months of the start, and the middle half from 5 months to 2 years. 20 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day6 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks4 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months7 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months15 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months14 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years8 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years6 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

60 of the 61 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting13 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Completed26 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown9 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Drug9 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Device9 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure12 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Biological2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other21 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • None given6 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States27 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Canada6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • China4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • France4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Italy3 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Türkiye2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Germany1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Slovakia1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Spain1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

15 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 4 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed cardiovascular disease studies that name Verbal Fluency: 13 of 26, 50%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed cardiovascular disease studies that name Verbal Fluency and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted cardiovascular disease studies that name Verbal FluencyEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper4, 15%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only6, 23%1,139, 14%
A results paper only3, 12%1,711, 22%
Neither13, 50%4,327, 54%

The 61 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionCardiovascular disease
TestVerbal Fluency

61 studies match. 21 name Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome. Median size 100 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 12 months.

Loading 61 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
024682000: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2014: 5 studies, 2 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2015: 5 studies, 2 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20152016: 5 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2018: 2 studies, 2 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2019: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2020: 7 studies, 4 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20202021: 5 studies, 3 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2022: 5 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2023: 6 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2024: 3 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2025: 5 studies, 2 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20252026: 4 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200410
200500
200600
200700
200800
200900
201021
201121
201200
201310
201452
201552
201651
201721
201822
201910
202074
202153
202250
202361
202430
202552
202641

Library tests named most

  • Verbal Fluency61 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test29 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning26 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test22 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test16 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding10 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Clock Drawing Task5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Conditions

  • Cardiovascular disease61 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke10 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Obesity and diabetes6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Lung disease2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: other 61. Interventional 43, observational 18.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeVerbal Fluency

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07692958Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants160Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Symbol Scan TaskSecondary6 months
  • Balloon RiskSecondary6 months
  • Design Fluency TestSecondary6 months
  • Beads TaskSecondary6 months
NCT07626567Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants500Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary1 week
  • Delayed Recall ModulePrimary1 week
NCT07607795Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
NCT07259434Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants152Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary16 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary16 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Secondary16 weeks
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondary16 weeks
NCT06867198Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants72Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Vocabulary TestSecondary6 months
  • Face-name Memory TaskSecondary6 months
NCT06857994Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants101Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary
  • Digit Span TestPrimary
  • Symbol CodingPrimary
  • N-Back TaskSecondary
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary
NCT06740513Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants1,000Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondary3 years
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary3 years
NCT06735599Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Face-name Memory TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT06680973Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants33Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 weeks
NCT06336174Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary12 months
NCT06252376Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's disease, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipantsNot givenLead sponsorOtherStatusStopped earlyLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary2 years
NCT06027788Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Delirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants842Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
  • Category FluencySecondarysame day
NCT05824650Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants43Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
NCT05790707Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
NCT05785871Start2020PhaseObservationalConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary2 years
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary2 years
  • Category FluencyPrimary2 years
NCT05756257Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Category FluencySecondary12 months
NCT05708807Start2018PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants600Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary5 years
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary5 years
NCT05647473Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants66Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary11 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary11 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary11 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary11 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary11 months
NCT05595577Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants105Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
NCT05539261Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 months
NCT05400174Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's disease, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary2.5 years
NCT05369520Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 weeks
NCT05230927Start2020PhaseObservationalConditionsCardiovascular disease, Lung diseaseParticipants240Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper 1Paper 2Paper 3

Library tests named
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary3 weeks
NCT05223426Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants54Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknown

Paper

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 weeks
  • N-Back TaskPrimary6 weeks
NCT05173740Start2022PhasePhase 4ConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants214Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome4 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyOther outcome4 weeks
  • Symbol CodingOther outcome4 weeks
  • Category FluencyOther outcome4 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallOther outcome4 weeks
  • Design Fluency TestOther outcome4 weeks

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many cardiovascular trials use Verbal Fluency?

61 registered cardiovascular disease studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 21 of them in a primary outcome: 9% of the condition's 682 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 11% of all of them. It is the 4th most named test in cardiovascular trials.

Which tests do cardiovascular trials use with Verbal Fluency?

The Trail Making Test (29 studies), Verbal Learning (26 studies) and the Digit Span Test (22 studies).

When do cardiovascular trials measure Verbal Fluency?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Fluency are measured within 12 months of the start, and the middle half from 5 months to 2 years. 20 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed cardiovascular trials that use Verbal Fluency have reported results?

13 of the 26 completed studies that name it, 50%, have reported results: 10 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 7 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 4 did both. The other 13 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on Verbal Fluency and cardiovascular disease

  • Every cognitive test in cardiovascular trials: 682 studies
  • Verbal Fluency in all clinical trials: 1,745 studies

Verbal Fluency in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's248
  • Cancer200
  • Mild cognitive impairment177
  • Depression and bipolar disorder154
  • Parkinson's disease140
  • Aging, frailty and exercise136
  • Stroke110
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis107
  • Brain injury and concussion86
  • Cognitive impairment and decline63
  • Obesity and diabetes63
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD61
  • Multiple sclerosis58
  • Sleep and sleep disorders58
  • Pain and fatigue53

Other tests in cardiovascular trials

  • Trail Making Test105
  • Stroop Color-Word Test81
  • Verbal Learning64
  • Digit Span Test59

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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