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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Cardiovascular disease
  6. /Trail Making Test

Clinical trials data

Trail Making Test in cardiovascular trials: 105 registered studies

Every registered cardiovascular disease study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Trail Making Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered cardiovascular disease studies name it in an outcome measure
105
Name it in a primary outcome, 30%
32 of 105
Of the condition's 682 studies name it, against 14% of all registered studies
15%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
101
By phase
Try Trail Making Test ATry Trail Making Test B

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that cardiovascular disease studies naming the Trail Making Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Digit Span Test32 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Learning31 studies, 12 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Stroop Color-Word Test29 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Verbal Fluency29 studies, 10 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding27 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Category Fluency18 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Task Switching Test10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Picture Naming Test10 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    N-Back Task7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Clock Drawing Task7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 8 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 7 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 7 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 9 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 13 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 8 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 6 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 11 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200410
200500
200600
200700
200811
200900
201021
201121
201211
201332
201452
201540
201683
201731
201862
201982
202076
202170
202291
2023132
202482
202563
2026112

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 12 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/21 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 28 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 46 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable64 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Observational21 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200500
  • Not applicable100 median, 43 to 153
  • Observational135 median, 79 to 515
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per cardiovascular disease study that names the Trail Making Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable6310043 to 153
Observational2013579 to 515

When cardiovascular trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 6 months of the start, and the middle half from 8 weeks to 12 months. 29 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day7 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks10 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months21 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months20 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months23 outcomes, 8 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years10 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years8 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given6 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

99 of the 105 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting21 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Completed41 studies, 19 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown25 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral26 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Drug26 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Device13 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure17 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test5 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other23 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • None given10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States31 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Canada12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • China10 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Spain7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • France4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Australia2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Germany2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

23 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 8 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed cardiovascular disease studies that name the Trail Making Test: 22 of 41, 54%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed cardiovascular disease studies that name the Trail Making Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted cardiovascular disease studies that name the Trail Making TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper6, 15%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only5, 12%1,139, 14%
A results paper only11, 27%1,711, 22%
Neither19, 46%4,327, 54%

The 105 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionCardiovascular disease
TestThe Trail Making Test

105 studies match. 32 name the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome. Median size 101 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 6 months.

Loading 105 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
0510152000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2013: 3 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2014: 5 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2017: 3 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2019: 8 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2020: 7 studies, 6 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20202021: 7 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2022: 9 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2023: 13 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2024: 8 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2025: 6 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20252026: 11 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200410
200500
200600
200700
200811
200900
201021
201121
201211
201332
201452
201540
201683
201731
201862
201982
202076
202170
202291
2023132
202482
202563
2026112

Library tests named most

  • Trail Making Test105 studies, 32 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test32 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning31 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test29 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency29 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding27 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency18 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Task Switching Test10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test10 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Cardiovascular disease105 studies, 32 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke12 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise11 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Obesity and diabetes11 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer5 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 2, other 103. Interventional 84, observational 21.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Trail Making Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07882875Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants560Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 years
NCT07856043Start2026PhasePhase 1ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairment, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants18Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 weeks
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary12 weeks
NCT07695090Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants60Lead sponsorIndustryStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Task Switching TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07692958Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants160Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Symbol Scan TaskSecondary6 months
  • Balloon RiskSecondary6 months
  • Design Fluency TestSecondary6 months
  • Beads TaskSecondary6 months
NCT07689500Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants153Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
NCT07666685Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 weeks
  • Task Switching TestPrimary12 weeks
NCT07664748Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary13 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT07648498Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary4 weeks
NCT07633392Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Substance use and addiction, Sleep and sleep disorders, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants240Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary4 months
NCT07626567Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants500Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary1 week
  • Delayed Recall ModulePrimary1 week
NCT07259434Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants152Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary16 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary16 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Secondary16 weeks
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondary16 weeks
NCT07204834Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome9 months
  • Symbol CodingOther outcome9 months
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskOther outcome9 months
  • Dimensional Change Card SortOther outcome9 months
  • Picture Order Memory TestOther outcome9 months
NCT06945848Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Pain and fatigue, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants114Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
NCT06919744Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Pain and fatigue, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants114Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
NCT06857994Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants101Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary
  • Digit Span TestPrimary
  • Symbol CodingPrimary
  • N-Back TaskSecondary
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary
NCT06855953Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 weeks
  • N-Back TaskPrimary12 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary12 weeks
NCT06781541Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Aging, frailty and exercise, Obesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants72Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruiting

Paper 1Paper 2Paper 3

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT06743711Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorder, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants75Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome
  • Symbol CodingOther outcome
  • Category FluencyOther outcome
NCT06697418Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants266Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 years
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 years
  • Task Switching TestSecondary2 years
NCT06529055Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigue, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimarysame day
NCT06512922Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
NCT06477107Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsCardiovascular diseaseParticipants7Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
NCT06469515Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants220Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
NCT06307483Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsSleep and sleep disorders, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants499Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
  • N-Back TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Memory Updating TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT06242535Start2023PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Aging, frailty and exercise, Obesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants13Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary6 months

Page 1 of 5

Questions, answered from the data

How many cardiovascular trials use the Trail Making Test?

105 registered cardiovascular disease studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 32 of them in a primary outcome: 15% of the condition's 682 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 14% of all of them. It is the test cardiovascular trials name most.

Which tests do cardiovascular trials use with the Trail Making Test?

The Digit Span Test (32 studies), Verbal Learning (31 studies) and the Stroop Color-Word Test (29 studies).

When do cardiovascular trials measure the Trail Making Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 6 months of the start, and the middle half from 8 weeks to 12 months. 29 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed cardiovascular trials that use the Trail Making Test have reported results?

22 of the 41 completed studies that name it, 54%, have reported results: 11 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 17 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 6 did both. The other 19 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Trail Making Test and cardiovascular disease

  • Every cognitive test in cardiovascular trials: 682 studies
  • The Trail Making Test in all clinical trials: 2,293 studies

The Trail Making Test in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's273
  • Aging, frailty and exercise255
  • Mild cognitive impairment213
  • Depression and bipolar disorder204
  • Cancer187
  • Parkinson's disease156
  • Stroke156
  • Brain injury and concussion115
  • Obesity and diabetes102
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis102
  • Pain and fatigue94
  • Sleep and sleep disorders85
  • Cognitive impairment and decline77
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD69
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care69
  • Healthy volunteers68
  • Substance use and addiction52

Other tests in cardiovascular trials

  • Stroop Color-Word Test81
  • Verbal Learning64
  • Verbal Fluency61
  • Digit Span Test59

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Trail Making Test A and Trail Making Test B as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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