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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
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  5. /Obesity and diabetes
  6. /Trail Making Test

Clinical trials data

Trail Making Test in obesity and diabetes trials: 102 registered studies

Every registered obesity and diabetes study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Trail Making Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered obesity and diabetes studies name it in an outcome measure
102
Name it in a primary outcome, 34%
35 of 102
Of the condition's 627 studies name it, against 14% of all registered studies
16%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
80
By phase
Try Trail Making Test ATry Trail Making Test B

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that obesity and diabetes studies naming the Trail Making Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Stroop Color-Word Test42 studies, 13 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Learning40 studies, 16 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Fluency34 studies, 17 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Symbol Coding26 studies, 14 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Digit Span Test25 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Category Fluency18 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Short Story Recall9 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Picture Naming Test9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 7 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 8 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 12 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 8 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 12 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 11 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200410
200500
200610
200700
200811
200920
201011
201121
201220
201343
201410
201551
201672
201732
201862
201971
202020
202183
2022125
202361
202482
2025124
2026116

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 13 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 25 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 32 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 44 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable69 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Observational17 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Not applicable74 median, 33 to 105
  • Observational101 median, 60 to 138
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per obesity and diabetes study that names the Trail Making Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable687433 to 105
Observational1710160 to 138

When obesity and diabetes trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 4 months of the start, and the middle half from 12 weeks to 11 months. 33 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day13 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks7 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months27 outcomes, 13 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months25 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months14 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years4 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years10 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given2 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

100 of the 102 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting20 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting8 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Completed52 studies, 18 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early8 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown9 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral34 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Drug17 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Device5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement13 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other33 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • None given7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States36 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Canada9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Spain7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • China6 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Australia4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Germany4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Thailand3 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Egypt2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • France2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

25 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 5 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed obesity and diabetes studies that name the Trail Making Test: 22 of 52, 42%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed obesity and diabetes studies that name the Trail Making Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted obesity and diabetes studies that name the Trail Making TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper4, 8%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only7, 13%1,139, 14%
A results paper only11, 21%1,711, 22%
Neither30, 58%4,327, 54%

The 102 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionObesity and diabetes
TestThe Trail Making Test

102 studies match. 35 name the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome. Median size 80 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 4 months.

Loading 102 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
0510152000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2015: 5 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20152016: 7 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2017: 3 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2019: 7 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20202021: 8 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2022: 12 studies, 5 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2023: 6 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2024: 8 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2025: 12 studies, 4 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20252026: 11 studies, 6 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200410
200500
200610
200700
200811
200920
201011
201121
201220
201343
201410
201551
201672
201732
201862
201971
202020
202183
2022125
202361
202482
2025124
2026116

Library tests named most

  • Trail Making Test102 studies, 35 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test42 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning40 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency34 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding26 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test25 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency18 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Short Story Recall9 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Obesity and diabetes102 studies, 35 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise15 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Cardiovascular disease11 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment7 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Substance use and addiction3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke1 study, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 3, other 99. Interventional 85, observational 17.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Trail Making Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07870291Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants105Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 weeks
NCT07820774Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants54Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary16 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary16 weeks
NCT07750223Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants105Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary10 weeks
NCT07704229Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary3 years
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary3 years
  • Verbal LearningSecondary3 years
  • Digit Span TestSecondary3 years
  • Symbol CodingSecondary3 years
NCT07694596Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 months
  • Category FluencyPrimary12 months
NCT07642518Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Obesity and diabetesParticipants38Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Short Story RecallSecondary6 months
NCT07501377Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestOther outcome6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Attention Network TestOther outcome6 months
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskOther outcome6 months
NCT07485062Start2026PhasePhase 4ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Obesity and diabetesParticipants164Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary7 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary7 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary7 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary7 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary7 months
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary7 months
NCT07402031Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary5 years
NCT07374705Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary
  • Digit Span TestPrimary
  • Symbol CodingPrimary
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary
NCT07361874Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants75Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
NCT07330700Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 weeks
NCT07262788Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
NCT07203196Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Obesity and diabetes, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants16Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Dimensional Change Card SortSecondary13 weeks
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary13 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07040748Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants84Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary6 months
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary6 months
  • Category FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary6 months
  • Short Story RecallPrimary6 months
NCT06969235Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 months
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary6 months
NCT06960941Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
NCT06936657Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary7 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary7 months
  • N-Back TaskSecondary7 months
NCT06912321Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants400Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 years
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Digit Span TestPrimarysame day
  • Symbol CodingPrimarysame day
  • Category FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimarysame day
NCT06869941Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary3 years
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary3 years
  • Verbal LearningSecondary3 years
  • Verbal FluencySecondary3 years
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary3 years
NCT06857994Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants101Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary
  • Digit Span TestPrimary
  • Symbol CodingPrimary
  • N-Back TaskSecondary
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary
NCT06781762Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsCancer, Obesity and diabetesParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome6 months
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome6 months
  • Verbal FluencyOther outcome6 months
NCT06781541Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Aging, frailty and exercise, Obesity and diabetes, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants72Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruiting

Paper 1Paper 2Paper 3

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT06734546Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Obesity and diabetesParticipants75Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
NCT06649981Start2025PhasePhase 1ConditionsObesity and diabetesParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary5 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary5 months

Page 1 of 5

Questions, answered from the data

How many obesity and diabetes trials use the Trail Making Test?

102 registered obesity and diabetes studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 35 of them in a primary outcome: 16% of the condition's 627 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 14% of all of them. It is the 2nd most named test in obesity and diabetes trials.

Which tests do obesity and diabetes trials use with the Trail Making Test?

The Stroop Color-Word Test (42 studies), Verbal Learning (40 studies) and Verbal Fluency (34 studies).

When do obesity and diabetes trials measure the Trail Making Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 4 months of the start, and the middle half from 12 weeks to 11 months. 33 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed obesity and diabetes trials that use the Trail Making Test have reported results?

22 of the 52 completed studies that name it, 42%, have reported results: 11 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 15 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 4 did both. The other 30 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Trail Making Test and obesity and diabetes

  • Every cognitive test in obesity and diabetes trials: 627 studies
  • The Trail Making Test in all clinical trials: 2,293 studies

The Trail Making Test in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's273
  • Aging, frailty and exercise255
  • Mild cognitive impairment213
  • Depression and bipolar disorder204
  • Cancer187
  • Parkinson's disease156
  • Stroke156
  • Brain injury and concussion115
  • Cardiovascular disease105
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis102
  • Pain and fatigue94
  • Sleep and sleep disorders85
  • Cognitive impairment and decline77
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD69
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care69
  • Healthy volunteers68
  • Substance use and addiction52

Other tests in obesity and diabetes trials

  • Stroop Color-Word Test103
  • Verbal Learning74
  • Digit Span Test64
  • Verbal Fluency63
  • Symbol Coding59

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Trail Making Test A and Trail Making Test B as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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