ConductCognition

  • Domains

    Tests

    • Processing speed43
    • Attention113
    • Working memory50
    • Executive function143
    • Episodic memory72
    • Response inhibition9
    • Social cognition75
    • Language42

    Most used

    Evidence

    1. Verbal Fluency TestGradeA
    2. Stroop Color-Word TestGradeA
    3. Trail Making TestGradeA
    4. N-Back TaskGradeA
    5. Go/No-Go TaskGradeA
    6. Digit Span TestGradeA
    7. Symbol Coding TestGradeA
    8. Verbal Learning TestGradeA
    REDTry it nowStroop Color-Word Test
    All 547 tests

    Browse by

    • Phone290
    • Tablet323
    • Untimed326
    • Up to 5 minutes69
    • Evidence grade A40

  • First studies

    Grade, length

    • Reaction Time StudyGradeA7 min
    • Pilot ScreeningGradeA15 min
    • Medication StudiesGradeA−26 min
    • Language-Minimized ScreeningGradeA−30 min

    Age groups

    • Older Adult Executive SpeedGradeA20 min
    • School-AgeGradeA−33 min

    Memory

    • At-Home MemoryGradeA26 min
    • Working Memory and LearningGradeA−19 min
    • Associative MemoryGradeB32 min
    • Working Memory CapacityGradeB34 min

    Language and perception

    • LanguageGradeA−33 min
    • Visual PerceptionGradeB27 min
    • Listening and Auditory ProcessingGradeB31 min

    Executive function and attention

    • Executive ControlGradeA18 min
    • Attention and ImpulsivityGradeA−26 min
    • Visual AttentionGradeB27 min
    • Creativity and Flexible ThinkingGradeB30 min
    • Reasoning and SpatialGradeB32 min

    Movement

    • Motor and AttentionGradeA−29 min
    • Motor LearningGradeB34 min

    Behavior, mood and choice

    • Food Choice and Self-ControlGradeA−29 min
    • Sleep and FatigueGradeB23 min
    • Social CognitionGradeB23 min
    • Impulsivity and Substance UseGradeB26 min
    • Emotion and MoodGradeB28 min
    • Decisions and RewardGradeB29 min
    All 26 batteries

    Find one

    Up to 15 minutes2Up to 30 minutes19Phone8
    Test order labBattery gradesHow batteries work

  • Use and evidence

    • Overview
    • Compare all 547 tests
    • Test-retest
    • Reliability and validity
    • Battery grades26
    • Download and cite

    Clinical trials

    • Overview
    • By condition25
    • By test101
    • Trial design benchmark
    • Cognitive outcomes, 2026

    Conditions

    Registered studies

    • Dementia and Alzheimer's1,673
    • Aging, frailty and exercise1,398
    • Depression and bipolar disorder1,247
    • Stroke1,233
    • Substance use and addiction895
    • Parkinson's disease892
    • Cancer760
    All 25 conditions
    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
  • 1

    Build

    • Study design
    • Customize tests
    • Repeat visits
    • Study cost calculator
    2

    Recruit

    • Recruitment setup
    • Prolific
    • Sona Systems
    • CloudResearch Connect
    • Qualtrics
    3

    Run

    • Remote testing
    • Participant devices
    • Phone timing check
    • Offline edition
    4

    Results

    • Automated scoring
    • Test norms
    • Study Quality Monitor
    • Data export
    Platform overview

    Compliance

    • HIPAA-ready testing
    • US clinical research
    • Data Policy
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms of Use

  • Research areas

    Tests used in each

    • Aging and dementia188
    • Decisions and reward105
    • Child development and education87
    • Language and bilingualism64
    • Social behavior62
    • Psychiatric groups35
    • Training and intervention28
    • Mood, anxiety and trauma25
    • Substance use and impulsivity25
    • Neurological and movement research19
    • Brain injury and concussion14
    • Sleep and fatigue14
    • ADHD11
    • Eating and obesity8
    • Medication and drug trials8

    Research settings

    • Student participant pools
    • Teaching a class
    • Clinical trials
    • US clinical research
    • Sites without internet
    Planning a study?

  • Methods

    • How evidence grades work
    • How test batteries work
    • How test order works
    Methods and questions

    Help

    • FAQ
    • Recruitment guides
    • Compare platforms

    Updates

    • Blog
    • New tests by email
    Latest post10 November 2026What you can do in ConductCognition todayA short tour of ConductCognition as it stands on 10 November. After this, we'll post when something changes how you run a study.Read the post
  • Pricing
Start Free
Log In
Log InStart Free
  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Pain and fatigue
  6. /Trail Making Test

Clinical trials data

Trail Making Test in pain and fatigue trials: 94 registered studies

Every registered pain and fatigue study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Trail Making Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered pain and fatigue studies name it in an outcome measure
94
Name it in a primary outcome, 29%
27 of 94
Of the condition's 681 studies name it, against 14% of all registered studies
14%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
72
By phase
Try Trail Making Test ATry Trail Making Test B

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that pain and fatigue studies naming the Trail Making Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Stroop Color-Word Test26 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Digit Span Test25 studies, 13 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Learning21 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Verbal Fluency18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding13 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Task Switching Test7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Paced Visual Serial Addition Test6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Category Fluency5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Continuous Performance Test4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 8 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 7 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 7 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 9 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 10 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 9 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200010
200100
200210
200300
200421
200500
200600
200700
200810
200911
201021
201120
201230
201341
201410
201511
201630
201781
201861
201930
202073
202162
202262
202375
202494
2025102
202692

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 12 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/22 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 212 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 34 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 42 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable52 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Observational19 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Phase 2100 median, 49 to 104
  • Not applicable61 median, 31 to 111
  • Observational91 median, 53 to 103
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per pain and fatigue study that names the Trail Making Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 21010049 to 104
Not applicable506131 to 111
Observational189153 to 103

When pain and fatigue trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 9 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 3 weeks to 7 months. 24 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day11 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks17 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months30 outcomes, 8 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months8 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months12 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years2 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years2 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given12 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

82 of the 94 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting16 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed45 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral11 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Drug27 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Device19 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other29 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • None given9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States34 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • France8 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Türkiye6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • China5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Italy5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Germany4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Canada3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Norway3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Spain3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Austria1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

21 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 6 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed pain and fatigue studies that name the Trail Making Test: 20 of 45, 44%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed pain and fatigue studies that name the Trail Making Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted pain and fatigue studies that name the Trail Making TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper1, 2%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only5, 11%1,139, 14%
A results paper only14, 31%1,711, 22%
Neither25, 56%4,327, 54%

The 94 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionPain and fatigue
TestThe Trail Making Test

94 studies match. 27 name the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome. Median size 72 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 9 weeks.

Loading 94 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
02.557.5102000: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2002: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2004: 2 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2012: 3 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2015: 1 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20152016: 3 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2017: 8 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2019: 3 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2020: 7 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20202021: 6 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2023: 7 studies, 5 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2024: 9 studies, 4 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2025: 10 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20252026: 9 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 planned to start after 2026.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200010
200100
200210
200300
200421
200500
200600
200700
200810
200911
201021
201120
201230
201341
201410
201511
201630
201781
201861
201930
202073
202162
202262
202375
202494
2025102
202692

Library tests named most

  • Trail Making Test94 studies, 27 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test26 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test25 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning21 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding13 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Task Switching Test7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition Test6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Pain and fatigue94 studies, 27 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer16 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder11 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • COVID-19 and long COVID9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Substance use and addiction5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Cardiovascular disease5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Brain injury and concussion3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Multiple sclerosis2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 3, other 91. Interventional 75, observational 19.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Trail Making Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07906847Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary
  • Digit Span TestPrimary
NCT07851896Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 weeks
NCT07842302Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Pain and fatigueParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary6 months
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestSecondary6 months
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary6 months
NCT07766980Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary10 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary10 weeks
NCT07641335Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants12Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary
NCT07624084Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants42Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary3 weeks
NCT07539116Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants183Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyOther outcome12 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningOther outcome12 weeks
NCT07477483Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Task Switching TestSecondary2 weeks
NCT07432425Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants21Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome12 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestOther outcome12 weeks
NCT07429903Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsCOVID-19 and long COVID, Pain and fatigueParticipants31Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Symbol Scan TaskSecondary12 weeks
NCT07393672Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCD, Pain and fatigueParticipants104Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary
  • N-Back TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Simple Reaction TimeSecondary13 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07357688Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants99Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Category FluencySecondary8 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary8 weeks
NCT07203339Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants610Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Stop-Signal TaskSecondary8 weeks
  • Symbol Scan TaskSecondary8 weeks
NCT07141550Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary8 weeks
NCT06967363Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsSleep and sleep disorders, Pain and fatigueParticipants360Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Attention Network TestSecondary12 months
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskSecondary12 months
  • Pain Empathy TaskSecondary12 months
  • Think and No-Think TaskSecondary12 months
NCT06945848Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Pain and fatigue, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants114Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
NCT06940063Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary2 weeks
NCT06919744Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Pain and fatigue, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants114Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
NCT06837857Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Category FluencySecondary12 months
NCT06834685Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Pain and fatigueParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
NCT06831916Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCD, Pain and fatigueParticipants104Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary
  • N-Back TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Simple Reaction TimeSecondary13 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary13 weeks
  • DRM False Memory TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT06711731Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants2,000Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary
NCT06706479Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants48Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary
  • Arithmetic Fluency TaskSecondary
NCT06614309Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsCOVID-19 and long COVID, Pain and fatigueParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 weeks
  • Task Switching TestSecondary2 weeks
NCT06609343Start2027PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants16Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome8 weeks
  • Clock Drawing TaskOther outcome8 weeks

Page 1 of 4

Questions, answered from the data

How many pain and fatigue trials use the Trail Making Test?

94 registered pain and fatigue studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 27 of them in a primary outcome: 14% of the condition's 681 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 14% of all of them. It is the 2nd most named test in pain and fatigue trials.

Which tests do pain and fatigue trials use with the Trail Making Test?

The Stroop Color-Word Test (26 studies), the Digit Span Test (25 studies) and Verbal Learning (21 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 pain and fatigue trials that use the Trail Making Test enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 100 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 49 to 104. 10 of them give a size.

When do pain and fatigue trials measure the Trail Making Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 9 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 3 weeks to 7 months. 24 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed pain and fatigue trials that use the Trail Making Test have reported results?

20 of the 45 completed studies that name it, 44%, have reported results: 6 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 15 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 1 did both. The other 25 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Trail Making Test and pain and fatigue

  • Every cognitive test in pain and fatigue trials: 681 studies
  • The Trail Making Test in all clinical trials: 2,293 studies

The Trail Making Test in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's273
  • Aging, frailty and exercise255
  • Mild cognitive impairment213
  • Depression and bipolar disorder204
  • Cancer187
  • Parkinson's disease156
  • Stroke156
  • Brain injury and concussion115
  • Cardiovascular disease105
  • Obesity and diabetes102
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis102
  • Sleep and sleep disorders85
  • Cognitive impairment and decline77
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD69
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care69
  • Healthy volunteers68
  • Substance use and addiction52

Other tests in pain and fatigue trials

  • Stroop Color-Word Test114
  • Symbol Coding82
  • Verbal Learning72
  • Digit Span Test61
  • Verbal Fluency53

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Trail Making Test A and Trail Making Test B as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

Run the Trail Making Test in your trial

Choose tests with a record in registered trials, and run them in a browser at every site, on the same version each visit.

Start free
ConductCognition

Hosted browser-native cognitive testing for academic and commercial research workflows.

A product of ConductScience, Inc.

New tests and features, about once a month. Unsubscribe at any time.

Tests

  • All cognitive tests
  • Test batteries
  • Use and evidence
  • Test norms
  • Trail Making Test
  • N-Back Task
  • Automated scoring
  • Study design
  • New tests by email

Guides

  • Methods and questions
  • Blog
  • Recruitment setup
  • Participant devices
  • Prolific
  • Sona Systems
  • CloudResearch Connect
  • Qualtrics

Use cases

  • Student participant pools
  • Aging and dementia research
  • Clinical trials
  • US clinical research
  • Remote testing

Compare and buy

  • Pricing
  • Compare platforms
  • Offline edition
  • FAQ

Trust

  • Study Quality Monitor
  • HIPAA-ready testing
  • Data export
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Use
  • Data Policy

Company

  • ConductScience
  • Affiliate Program
© 2026 ConductScience, Inc. Research use only.