ConductCognition
  • Domains

    Tests

    • Processing speed43
    • Attention113
    • Working memory50
    • Executive function143
    • Episodic memory72
    • Response inhibition9
    • Social cognition75
    • Language42

    Most used

    Evidence

    1. Verbal Fluency TestGradeA
    2. Stroop Color-Word TestGradeA
    3. Trail Making TestGradeA
    4. N-Back TaskGradeA
    5. Go/No-Go TaskGradeA
    6. Digit Span TestGradeA
    7. Symbol Coding TestGradeA
    8. Verbal Learning TestGradeA
    REDTry it nowStroop Color-Word Test
    All 547 tests

    Browse by

    • Phone290
    • Tablet323
    • Untimed326
    • Up to 5 minutes69
    • Evidence grade A40
  • First studies

    Grade, length

    • Reaction Time StudyGradeA7 min
    • Pilot ScreeningGradeA15 min
    • Medication StudiesGradeA−26 min
    • Language-Minimized ScreeningGradeA−30 min

    Age groups

    • Older Adult Executive SpeedGradeA20 min
    • School-AgeGradeA−33 min

    Memory

    • At-Home MemoryGradeA26 min
    • Working Memory and LearningGradeA−19 min
    • Associative MemoryGradeB32 min
    • Working Memory CapacityGradeB34 min

    Language and perception

    • LanguageGradeA−33 min
    • Visual PerceptionGradeB27 min
    • Listening and Auditory ProcessingGradeB31 min

    Executive function and attention

    • Executive ControlGradeA18 min
    • Attention and ImpulsivityGradeA−26 min
    • Visual AttentionGradeB27 min
    • Creativity and Flexible ThinkingGradeB30 min
    • Reasoning and SpatialGradeB32 min

    Movement

    • Motor and AttentionGradeA−29 min
    • Motor LearningGradeB34 min

    Behavior, mood and choice

    • Food Choice and Self-ControlGradeA−29 min
    • Sleep and FatigueGradeB23 min
    • Social CognitionGradeB23 min
    • Impulsivity and Substance UseGradeB26 min
    • Emotion and MoodGradeB28 min
    • Decisions and RewardGradeB29 min
    All 26 batteries

    Find one

    Up to 15 minutes2Up to 30 minutes19Phone8
    Test order labBattery gradesHow batteries work
  • Use and evidence

    • Overview
    • Compare all 547 tests
    • Test-retest
    • Reliability and validity
    • Battery grades26
    • Download and cite

    Clinical trials

    • Overview
    • By condition25
    • By test101
    • Trial design benchmark
    • Cognitive outcomes, 2026

    Conditions

    Registered studies

    • Dementia and Alzheimer's1,673
    • Aging, frailty and exercise1,398
    • Depression and bipolar disorder1,247
    • Stroke1,233
    • Substance use and addiction895
    • Parkinson's disease892
    • Cancer760
    All 25 conditions
    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
  • 1

    Build

    • Study design
    • Customize tests
    • Repeat visits
    • Study cost calculator
    2

    Recruit

    • Recruitment setup
    • Prolific
    • Sona Systems
    • CloudResearch Connect
    • Qualtrics
    3

    Run

    • Remote testing
    • Participant devices
    • Phone timing check
    • Offline edition
    4

    Results

    • Automated scoring
    • Test norms
    • Study Quality Monitor
    • Data export
    Platform overview

    Compliance

    • HIPAA-ready testing
    • US clinical research
    • Data Policy
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms of Use
  • Research areas

    Tests used in each

    • Aging and dementia188
    • Decisions and reward105
    • Child development and education87
    • Language and bilingualism64
    • Social behavior62
    • Psychiatric groups35
    • Training and intervention28
    • Mood, anxiety and trauma25
    • Substance use and impulsivity25
    • Neurological and movement research19
    • Brain injury and concussion14
    • Sleep and fatigue14
    • ADHD11
    • Eating and obesity8
    • Medication and drug trials8

    Research settings

    • Student participant pools
    • Teaching a class
    • Clinical trials
    • US clinical research
    • Sites without internet
    Planning a study?
  • Methods

    • How evidence grades work
    • How test batteries work
    • How test order works
    Methods and questions

    Help

    • FAQ
    • Recruitment guides
    • Compare platforms

    Updates

    • Blog
    • New tests by email
    Latest post10 November 2026What you can do in ConductCognition todayA short tour of ConductCognition as it stands on 10 November. After this, we'll post when something changes how you run a study.Read the post
  • Pricing
Start Free
Log In
Log InStart Free
  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Sleep and sleep disorders
  6. /Trail Making Test

Clinical trials data

Trail Making Test in sleep trials: 85 registered studies

Every registered sleep and sleep disorders study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Trail Making Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered sleep and sleep disorders studies name it in an outcome measure
85
Name it in a primary outcome, 27%
23 of 85
Of the condition's 749 studies name it, against 14% of all registered studies
11%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
82
By phase
Try Trail Making Test ATry Trail Making Test B

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that sleep and sleep disorders studies naming the Trail Making Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Stroop Color-Word Test34 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Fluency24 studies, 10 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Digit Span Test24 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Verbal Learning24 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Psychomotor Vigilance Task11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Category Fluency9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Task Switching Test8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Paced Visual Serial Addition Test7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    N-Back Task7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 4 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 9 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 8 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 9 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 11 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200310
200420
200510
200600
200710
200800
200900
201031
201120
201220
201310
201410
201520
201641
201720
201862
201941
202044
202143
202291
202372
202483
202592
2026113

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 12 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 23 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 34 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 42 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable54 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Observational20 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Not applicable76 median, 43 to 140
  • Observational100 median, 67 to 185
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per sleep and sleep disorders study that names the Trail Making Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable547643 to 140
Observational2010067 to 185

When sleep trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 2 weeks to 12 months. 21 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day7 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks19 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months17 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months15 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months14 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years2 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given8 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

77 of the 85 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting24 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed29 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown16 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral27 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Drug12 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Device23 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other20 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • None given8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States22 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • France10 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Hong Kong6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Canada5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • China5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Germany2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Poland2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Russia2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Taiwan2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

27 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 6 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed sleep and sleep disorders studies that name the Trail Making Test: 11 of 29, 38%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed sleep and sleep disorders studies that name the Trail Making Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted sleep and sleep disorders studies that name the Trail Making TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper2, 7%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only2, 7%1,139, 14%
A results paper only7, 24%1,711, 22%
Neither18, 62%4,327, 54%

The 85 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionSleep and sleep disorders
TestThe Trail Making Test

85 studies match. 23 name the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome. Median size 82 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 13 weeks.

Loading 85 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
0510152000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2004: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2005: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2010: 3 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2013: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2015: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2019: 4 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2020: 4 studies, 4 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2022: 9 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2023: 7 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2024: 8 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2025: 9 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20252026: 11 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 with no start year.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200310
200420
200510
200600
200710
200800
200900
201031
201120
201220
201310
201410
201520
201641
201720
201862
201941
202044
202143
202291
202372
202483
202592
2026113

Library tests named most

  • Trail Making Test85 studies, 23 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test34 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency24 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test24 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning24 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Psychomotor Vigilance Task11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Task Switching Test8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition Test7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Sleep and sleep disorders85 studies, 23 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Cardiovascular disease6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Healthy volunteers3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 3, other 82. Interventional 65, observational 20.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Trail Making Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07897474Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary
  • Digit Span TestPrimary
  • Symbol CodingPrimary
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskPrimary
NCT07882433Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestSecondary6 months
NCT07803068Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Grid Pattern Span TaskSecondary12 weeks
NCT07799753Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary4 weeks
NCT07735910Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disorders, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary2 weeks
NCT07714772Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsParkinson's disease, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary2 weeks
NCT07665840Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disorders, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants67Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 weeks
NCT07633392Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Substance use and addiction, Sleep and sleep disorders, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants240Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary4 months
NCT07556432Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary6 months
NCT07515417Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants41Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary13 weeks
NCT07364318Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Digit Span TestPrimarysame day
  • Category FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Task Switching TestPrimarysame day
NCT07355842Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's disease, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary18 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary18 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary18 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary18 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary18 months
  • Category FluencySecondary18 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary18 months
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskOther outcome18 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary18 months
  • Finger Tapping TaskSecondary18 months
  • Sustained Attention to ResponseOther outcome18 months
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary18 months
NCT07332442Start2026PhasePhase 3ConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants250Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskPrimary13 weeks
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary13 weeks
  • Word Pair LearningSecondary13 weeks
NCT07272863Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Aging, frailty and exercise, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants214Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
NCT07221318Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary3 weeks
NCT07203196Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Obesity and diabetes, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants16Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Dimensional Change Card SortSecondary13 weeks
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary13 weeks
  • Picture Order Memory TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07156708Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants98Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
NCT07027176Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 weeks
NCT06967363Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsSleep and sleep disorders, Pain and fatigueParticipants360Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Attention Network TestSecondary12 months
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskSecondary12 months
  • Pain Empathy TaskSecondary12 months
  • Think and No-Think TaskSecondary12 months
NCT06847074Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants62Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary6 months
NCT06773416Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Aging, frailty and exercise, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants206Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary7 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary7 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary7 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary7 months
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary7 months
NCT06631976Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsSleep and sleep disordersParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruiting

Paper

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Task Switching TestSecondary6 months
  • Arithmetic Fluency TaskSecondary6 months
NCT06553235Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsCancer, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants84Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary8 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary8 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary8 months
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary8 months
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskSecondary8 months
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestSecondary8 months
NCT06423118Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants300Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Category FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Selective Reminding TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06411561Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Sleep and sleep disorders, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary1 week
  • Digit Span TestSecondary1 week

Page 1 of 4

Questions, answered from the data

How many sleep trials use the Trail Making Test?

85 registered sleep and sleep disorders studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 23 of them in a primary outcome: 11% of the condition's 749 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 14% of all of them. It is the 4th most named test in sleep trials.

Which tests do sleep trials use with the Trail Making Test?

The Stroop Color-Word Test (34 studies), Verbal Fluency (24 studies) and the Digit Span Test (24 studies).

When do sleep trials measure the Trail Making Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 2 weeks to 12 months. 21 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed sleep trials that use the Trail Making Test have reported results?

11 of the 29 completed studies that name it, 38%, have reported results: 4 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 9 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 2 did both. The other 18 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Trail Making Test and sleep and sleep disorders

  • Every cognitive test in sleep trials: 749 studies
  • The Trail Making Test in all clinical trials: 2,293 studies

The Trail Making Test in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's273
  • Aging, frailty and exercise255
  • Mild cognitive impairment213
  • Depression and bipolar disorder204
  • Cancer187
  • Parkinson's disease156
  • Stroke156
  • Brain injury and concussion115
  • Cardiovascular disease105
  • Obesity and diabetes102
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis102
  • Pain and fatigue94
  • Cognitive impairment and decline77
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD69
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care69
  • Healthy volunteers68
  • Substance use and addiction52

Other tests in sleep trials

  • Psychomotor Vigilance Task237
  • Stroop Color-Word Test89
  • Symbol Coding89
  • Verbal Learning66
  • Digit Span Test63
  • Verbal Fluency58
  • N-Back Task51

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Trail Making Test A and Trail Making Test B as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

Run the Trail Making Test in your trial

Choose tests with a record in registered trials, and run them in a browser at every site, on the same version each visit.

Start free
ConductCognition

Hosted browser-native cognitive testing for academic and commercial research workflows.

A product of ConductScience, Inc.

New tests and features, about once a month. Unsubscribe at any time.

Tests

  • All cognitive tests
  • Test batteries
  • Use and evidence
  • Test norms
  • Trail Making Test
  • N-Back Task
  • Automated scoring
  • Study design
  • New tests by email

Guides

  • Methods and questions
  • Blog
  • Recruitment setup
  • Participant devices
  • Prolific
  • Sona Systems
  • CloudResearch Connect
  • Qualtrics

Use cases

  • Student participant pools
  • Aging and dementia research
  • Clinical trials
  • US clinical research
  • Remote testing

Compare and buy

  • Pricing
  • Compare platforms
  • Offline edition
  • FAQ

Trust

  • Study Quality Monitor
  • HIPAA-ready testing
  • Data export
  • Privacy Policy
  • Terms of Use
  • Data Policy

Company

  • ConductScience
  • Affiliate Program
© 2026 ConductScience, Inc. Research use only.