Clinical trials data
Trail Making Test in sleep trials: 85 registered studies
Every registered sleep and sleep disorders study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Trail Making Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.
- Registered sleep and sleep disorders studies name it in an outcome measure
- 85
- Name it in a primary outcome, 27%
- 23 of 85
Tests named in the same studies
- 1
Stroop Color-Word Test34 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
- 2
Verbal Fluency24 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
- 3
Digit Span Test24 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
- 4
Verbal Learning24 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
- 5
Symbol Coding18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
- 6
Psychomotor Vigilance Task11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
- 7
Category Fluency9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
- 8
Task Switching Test8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- 9
Paced Visual Serial Addition Test7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
- 10
N-Back Task7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes
Studies by start year
A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes
Show as a table
| Start year | Studies | A test as a primary outcome |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | 1 | 0 |
| 2004 | 2 | 0 |
| 2005 | 1 | 0 |
| 2006 | 0 | 0 |
| 2007 | 1 | 0 |
| 2008 | 0 | 0 |
| 2009 | 0 | 0 |
| 2010 | 3 | 1 |
| 2011 | 2 | 0 |
| 2012 | 2 | 0 |
| 2013 | 1 | 0 |
| 2014 | 1 | 0 |
| 2015 | 2 | 0 |
| 2016 | 4 | 1 |
| 2017 | 2 | 0 |
| 2018 | 6 | 2 |
| 2019 | 4 | 1 |
| 2020 | 4 | 4 |
| 2021 | 4 | 3 |
| 2022 | 9 | 1 |
| 2023 | 7 | 2 |
| 2024 | 8 | 3 |
| 2025 | 9 | 2 |
| 2026 | 11 | 3 |
Phases and study sizes
By phase
- Phase 12 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Phase 23 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Phase 34 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Phase 42 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Not applicable54 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
- Observational20 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
Participants per study
- Not applicable76 median, 43 to 140
- Observational100 median, 67 to 185
Show as a table
| Phase | Studies with a size | Median | Middle half |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not applicable | 54 | 76 | 43 to 140 |
| Observational | 20 | 100 | 67 to 185 |
When sleep trials measure it
Latest time point of each outcome
- Within a day7 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
- Up to 4 weeks19 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
- 1 to 3 months17 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
- 3 to 6 months15 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
- 6 to 12 months14 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
- 1 to 2 years3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
- Over 2 years2 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
- No duration given8 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes
77 of the 85 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.
Status, results, interventions and countries
Status
- Recruiting24 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
- Not yet recruiting9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
- Active, not recruiting3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Completed29 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
- Stopped early4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Status unknown16 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
What they test
- Behavioral27 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
- Drug12 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Device23 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
- Dietary supplement6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- Procedure1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Diagnostic test2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- Combination product2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Other20 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
- None given8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.
Where their sites are
- United States22 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
- France10 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- Hong Kong6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Canada5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- China5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
- Brazil4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Denmark3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Germany2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Poland2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Russia2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Switzerland2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Taiwan2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
27 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 6 list no site.
Reported results
Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.
Completed sleep and sleep disorders studies that name the Trail Making Test: 11 of 29, 38%
Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%
| Results | Completed sleep and sleep disorders studies that name the Trail Making Test | Every completed study |
|---|---|---|
| Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper | 2, 7% | 776, 10% |
| Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only | 2, 7% | 1,139, 14% |
| A results paper only | 7, 24% | 1,711, 22% |
| Neither | 18, 62% | 4,327, 54% |
The 85 studies
85 studies match. 23 name the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome. Median size 82 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 13 weeks.
Loading 85 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.
2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 with no start year.
Show as a table
| Start year | Studies | As a primary outcome |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | 1 | 0 |
| 2004 | 2 | 0 |
| 2005 | 1 | 0 |
| 2006 | 0 | 0 |
| 2007 | 1 | 0 |
| 2008 | 0 | 0 |
| 2009 | 0 | 0 |
| 2010 | 3 | 1 |
| 2011 | 2 | 0 |
| 2012 | 2 | 0 |
| 2013 | 1 | 0 |
| 2014 | 1 | 0 |
| 2015 | 2 | 0 |
| 2016 | 4 | 1 |
| 2017 | 2 | 0 |
| 2018 | 6 | 2 |
| 2019 | 4 | 1 |
| 2020 | 4 | 4 |
| 2021 | 4 | 3 |
| 2022 | 9 | 1 |
| 2023 | 7 | 2 |
| 2024 | 8 | 3 |
| 2025 | 9 | 2 |
| 2026 | 11 | 3 |
Library tests named most
Largest condition groups
Phases
Participants
Lead sponsor: industry 3, other 82. Interventional 65, observational 20.
As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Trail Making Test
The studies, newest registration first
Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
| Study | Start | Phase | Conditions | Participants | Lead sponsor | Status | Library tests named, with the latest time point |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07897474 | Start2026 | PhaseObservational | ConditionsSleep and sleep disorders | Participants100 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07882433 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSleep and sleep disorders | Participants50 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07803068 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSleep and sleep disorders | Participants40 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07799753 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSleep and sleep disorders | Participants50 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07735910 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disorders, Anxiety, PTSD and OCD | Participants60 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07714772 | Start2026 | PhaseObservational | ConditionsParkinson's disease, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants50 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07665840 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disorders, Anxiety, PTSD and OCD | Participants67 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT07633392 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Substance use and addiction, Sleep and sleep disorders, Cardiovascular disease | Participants240 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07556432 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSleep and sleep disorders | Participants120 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07515417 | Start2024 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsHealthy volunteers, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants41 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT07364318 | Start2024 | PhaseObservational | ConditionsSleep and sleep disorders | Participants30 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07355842 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsParkinson's disease, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants80 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07332442 | Start2026 | PhasePhase 3 | ConditionsSleep and sleep disorders | Participants250 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07272863 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Aging, frailty and exercise, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants214 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07221318 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsHealthy volunteers, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants50 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07203196 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Obesity and diabetes, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants16 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusActive, not recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07156708 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants98 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07027176 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSleep and sleep disorders | Participants100 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT06967363 | Start2025 | PhaseObservational | ConditionsSleep and sleep disorders, Pain and fatigue | Participants360 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT06847074 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsStroke, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants62 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT06773416 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Aging, frailty and exercise, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants206 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT06631976 | Start2024 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSleep and sleep disorders | Participants40 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT06553235 | Start2024 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsCancer, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants84 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT06423118 | Start2024 | PhaseObservational | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants300 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT06411561 | Start2024 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Sleep and sleep disorders, Delirium, surgery and intensive care | Participants100 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
Questions, answered from the data
How many sleep trials use the Trail Making Test?
85 registered sleep and sleep disorders studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 23 of them in a primary outcome: 11% of the condition's 749 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 14% of all of them. It is the 4th most named test in sleep trials.
Which tests do sleep trials use with the Trail Making Test?
The Stroop Color-Word Test (34 studies), Verbal Fluency (24 studies) and the Digit Span Test (24 studies).
When do sleep trials measure the Trail Making Test?
Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 2 weeks to 12 months. 21 primary outcomes give a duration.
How many completed sleep trials that use the Trail Making Test have reported results?
11 of the 29 completed studies that name it, 38%, have reported results: 4 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 9 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 2 did both. The other 18 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.
How the studies are counted
For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.
The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.
A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.
A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.
The census counts Trail Making Test A and Trail Making Test B as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.
Run the Trail Making Test in your trial
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