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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Delirium, surgery and intensive care
  6. /Trail Making Test

Clinical trials data

Trail Making Test in delirium, surgery and intensive care trials: 69 registered studies

Every registered delirium, surgery and intensive care study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Trail Making Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered delirium, surgery and intensive care studies name it in an outcome measure
69
Name it in a primary outcome, 49%
34 of 69
Of the condition's 619 studies name it, against 14% of all registered studies
11%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
125
By phase
Try Trail Making Test ATry Trail Making Test B

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that delirium, surgery and intensive care studies naming the Trail Making Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Verbal Learning23 studies, 16 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Digit Span Test21 studies, 12 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Fluency19 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Symbol Coding15 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Stroop Color-Word Test13 studies, 10 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Clock Drawing Task6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Picture Naming Test5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Category Fluency4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Tower Planning3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 4 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 5 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 10 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 7 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200720
200800
200910
201010
201121
201200
201320
201444
201543
201641
201752
201842
201955
202032
202143
202241
2023103
202474
202521
202652

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 22 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 47 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable31 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Observational28 studies, 19 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Not applicable108 median, 66 to 309
  • Observational168 median, 71 to 275
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per delirium, surgery and intensive care study that names the Trail Making Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable3110866 to 309
Observational2716871 to 275

When delirium, surgery and intensive care trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 3 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 7 days to 13 weeks. 32 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day10 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks20 outcomes, 14 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months14 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months6 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months14 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years2 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given2 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

67 of the 69 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting14 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed23 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown18 studies, 10 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Drug14 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Device8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test3 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Genetic1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other19 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • None given15 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States19 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Germany11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • China10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Spain4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Italy3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Austria2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Canada2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Finland2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

17 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 9 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed delirium, surgery and intensive care studies that name the Trail Making Test: 11 of 23, 48%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed delirium, surgery and intensive care studies that name the Trail Making Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted delirium, surgery and intensive care studies that name the Trail Making TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper1, 4%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only3, 13%1,139, 14%
A results paper only7, 30%1,711, 22%
Neither12, 52%4,327, 54%

The 69 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionDelirium, surgery and intensive care
TestThe Trail Making Test

69 studies match. 34 name the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome. Median size 125 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 3 weeks.

Loading 69 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
02.557.5102000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2007: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2014: 4 studies, 4 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2017: 5 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2018: 4 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2019: 5 studies, 5 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2020: 3 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2023: 10 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2024: 7 studies, 4 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2025: 2 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20252026: 5 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200720
200800
200910
201010
201121
201200
201320
201444
201543
201641
201752
201842
201955
202032
202143
202241
2023103
202474
202521
202652

Library tests named most

  • Trail Making Test69 studies, 34 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning23 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test21 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency19 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding15 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test13 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Clock Drawing Task6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care69 studies, 34 as a primary outcome
  • Cardiovascular disease10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Brain injury and concussion2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: other 69. Interventional 41, observational 28.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Trail Making Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07716800Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsCancer, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants205Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
NCT07689500Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants153Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
NCT07659431Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants114Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 months
NCT07626567Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants500Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary1 week
  • Delayed Recall ModulePrimary1 week
NCT07533370Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants300Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
NCT07314762Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants1,200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary12 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary12 months
NCT07290712Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants5,000Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 years
  • Verbal FluencySecondary5 years
  • Category FluencySecondary5 years
NCT06704451Start2014PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
NCT06658769Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants12Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary3 weeks
NCT06488807Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants686Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary6 months
NCT06469515Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants220Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
NCT06460363Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants78Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
NCT06452147Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants1,860Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary1 week
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary1 week
NCT06411561Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Sleep and sleep disorders, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary1 week
  • Digit Span TestSecondary1 week
NCT06267911Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants93Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 months
NCT06078410Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary13 weeks
NCT06036095Start2023PhasePhase 4ConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants260Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 months
  • Short Story RecallPrimary12 months
NCT06027788Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Delirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants842Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
  • Category FluencySecondarysame day
NCT05990790Start2023PhasePhase 4ConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants1,332Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 days
  • Symbol CodingSecondary5 days
NCT05953311Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary13 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary13 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary13 weeks
NCT05880069Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants5,000Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
NCT05739357Start2019PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
NCT05564195Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary3 weeks
NCT05467410Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Sleep and sleep disorders, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary1 week
NCT05439707Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Pain and fatigueParticipants600Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary4 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary4 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimary4 weeks

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many delirium, surgery and intensive care trials use the Trail Making Test?

69 registered delirium, surgery and intensive care studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 34 of them in a primary outcome: 11% of the condition's 619 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 14% of all of them. It is the test delirium, surgery and intensive care trials name most.

Which tests do delirium, surgery and intensive care trials use with the Trail Making Test?

Verbal Learning (23 studies), the Digit Span Test (21 studies) and Verbal Fluency (19 studies).

When do delirium, surgery and intensive care trials measure the Trail Making Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 3 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 7 days to 13 weeks. 32 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed delirium, surgery and intensive care trials that use the Trail Making Test have reported results?

11 of the 23 completed studies that name it, 48%, have reported results: 4 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 8 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 1 did both. The other 12 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Trail Making Test and delirium, surgery and intensive care

  • Every cognitive test in delirium, surgery and intensive care trials: 619 studies
  • The Trail Making Test in all clinical trials: 2,293 studies

The Trail Making Test in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's273
  • Aging, frailty and exercise255
  • Mild cognitive impairment213
  • Depression and bipolar disorder204
  • Cancer187
  • Parkinson's disease156
  • Stroke156
  • Brain injury and concussion115
  • Cardiovascular disease105
  • Obesity and diabetes102
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis102
  • Pain and fatigue94
  • Sleep and sleep disorders85
  • Cognitive impairment and decline77
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD69
  • Healthy volunteers68
  • Substance use and addiction52

Other tests in delirium, surgery and intensive care trials

  • Verbal Learning51

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Trail Making Test A and Trail Making Test B as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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