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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Stroke
  6. /Trail Making Test

Clinical trials data

Trail Making Test in stroke trials: 156 registered studies

Every registered stroke study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Trail Making Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered stroke studies name it in an outcome measure
156
Name it in a primary outcome, 25%
39 of 156
Of the condition's 1,233 studies name it, against 14% of all registered studies
13%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
60
By phase
Try Trail Making Test ATry Trail Making Test B

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that stroke studies naming the Trail Making Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Digit Span Test56 studies, 15 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Stroop Color-Word Test48 studies, 16 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Fluency36 studies, 13 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Verbal Learning29 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding21 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Picture Naming Test16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Category Fluency14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Task Switching Test12 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Cancellation Test12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Corsi Block-Tapping Test10 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 6 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 13 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 8 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 10 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 10 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 10 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 14 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 16 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 11 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 18 studies, 8 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 15 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200620
200710
200820
200930
201011
201121
201220
201360
201420
201541
201661
2017132
201882
2019102
2020105
2021102
2022143
2023163
2024113
2025188
2026155

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 217 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 37 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 44 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable107 studies, 33 as a primary outcome
  • Observational20 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Phase 288 median, 33 to 100
  • Not applicable45 median, 30 to 89
  • Observational150 median, 65 to 313
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per stroke study that names the Trail Making Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2178833 to 100
Not applicable1064530 to 89
Observational2015065 to 313

When stroke trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 5 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 weeks to 13 weeks. 39 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day17 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks31 outcomes, 14 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months55 outcomes, 12 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months18 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months16 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years5 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years8 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given6 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

150 of the 156 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting35 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Completed62 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown27 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral46 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Drug26 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Device36 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Biological2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Genetic1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other55 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • None given9 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States28 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Canada18 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Italy13 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Taiwan12 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • France11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Spain11 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland11 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Germany7 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • China6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • South Korea6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

36 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 9 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed stroke studies that name the Trail Making Test: 25 of 62, 40%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed stroke studies that name the Trail Making Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted stroke studies that name the Trail Making TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper1, 2%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only6, 10%1,139, 14%
A results paper only18, 29%1,711, 22%
Neither37, 60%4,327, 54%

The 156 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionStroke
TestThe Trail Making Test

156 studies match. 39 name the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome. Median size 60 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 5 weeks.

Loading 156 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
051015202000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20052006: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2009: 3 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2013: 6 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20152016: 6 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2017: 13 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2018: 8 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2019: 10 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2020: 10 studies, 5 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20202021: 10 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2022: 14 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2023: 16 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2024: 11 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2025: 18 studies, 8 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20252026: 15 studies, 5 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200620
200710
200820
200930
201011
201121
201220
201360
201420
201541
201661
2017132
201882
2019102
2020105
2021102
2022143
2023163
2024113
2025188
2026155

Library tests named most

  • Trail Making Test156 studies, 39 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test56 studies, 15 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test48 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency36 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning29 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding21 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Task Switching Test12 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Cancellation Test12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Stroke156 studies, 39 as a primary outcome
  • Cardiovascular disease12 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Brain injury and concussion10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Multiple sclerosis5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 14, other 142. Interventional 136, observational 20.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Trail Making Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07882875Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants560Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 years
NCT07865260Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Stroke, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary8 weeks
NCT07807176Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary13 weeks
  • Paired Associate LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Rapid Visual Information ProcessingPrimary13 weeks
  • Intra/Extra Dimensional Set ShiftPrimary13 weeks
NCT07759791Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants118Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07758257Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondarysame day
NCT07698444Start2021PhaseObservationalConditionsStrokeParticipants106Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondarysame day
NCT07682194Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants28Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Swap Spotter Game and Change DetectionSecondary4 weeks
NCT07668245Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants46Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary4 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary4 weeks
NCT07636538Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Stroke, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary
  • Digit Span TestSecondary
NCT07624630Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
NCT07616050Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Stroke, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary9 weeks
NCT07608588Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary4 weeks
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary4 weeks
NCT07588997Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants18Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary13 weeks
NCT07582497Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07541560Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary7 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary7 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary7 weeks
NCT07522463Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants44Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary4 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary4 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary4 months
NCT07497867Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsStrokeParticipants500Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 years
NCT07446062Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants52Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07445841Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 months
  • Category FluencySecondary12 months
NCT07427511Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome15 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestOther outcome15 months
  • Verbal FluencyOther outcome15 months
  • Digit Span TestOther outcome15 months
  • Go/No-Go TaskOther outcome15 months
  • Category FluencyOther outcome15 months
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestOther outcome15 months
  • Design Fluency TestOther outcome15 months
NCT07345481Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussionParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondarysame day
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Task Switching TestSecondarysame day
  • Serial Reaction TimeSecondarysame day
NCT07281313Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary1 week
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary1 week
  • Verbal FluencySecondary1 week
  • Digit Span TestSecondary1 week
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary1 week
  • Simple Reaction TimeSecondary1 week
  • Design Fluency TestSecondary1 week
NCT07220538Start2025PhasePhase 4ConditionsStrokeParticipants400Lead sponsorIndustryStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 months
NCT07148453Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStrokeParticipants22Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 weeks
NCT07144930Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Healthy volunteersParticipants210Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary4 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary4 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary4 months
  • Task Switching TestPrimary4 months

Page 1 of 7

Questions, answered from the data

How many stroke trials use the Trail Making Test?

156 registered stroke studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 39 of them in a primary outcome: 13% of the condition's 1,233 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 14% of all of them. It is the test stroke trials name most.

Which tests do stroke trials use with the Trail Making Test?

The Digit Span Test (56 studies), the Stroop Color-Word Test (48 studies) and Verbal Fluency (36 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 stroke trials that use the Trail Making Test enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 88 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 33 to 100. 17 of them give a size.

When do stroke trials measure the Trail Making Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 5 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 4 weeks to 13 weeks. 39 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed stroke trials that use the Trail Making Test have reported results?

25 of the 62 completed studies that name it, 40%, have reported results: 7 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 19 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 1 did both. The other 37 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Trail Making Test and stroke

  • Every cognitive test in stroke trials: 1,233 studies
  • The Trail Making Test in all clinical trials: 2,293 studies

The Trail Making Test in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's273
  • Aging, frailty and exercise255
  • Mild cognitive impairment213
  • Depression and bipolar disorder204
  • Cancer187
  • Parkinson's disease156
  • Brain injury and concussion115
  • Cardiovascular disease105
  • Obesity and diabetes102
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis102
  • Pain and fatigue94
  • Sleep and sleep disorders85
  • Cognitive impairment and decline77
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD69
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care69
  • Healthy volunteers68
  • Substance use and addiction52

Other tests in stroke trials

  • Verbal Fluency110
  • Stroop Color-Word Test105
  • Digit Span Test100
  • Picture Naming Test99
  • Cancellation Test75
  • Verbal Learning63
  • Symbol Coding61

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Trail Making Test A and Trail Making Test B as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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