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    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Mild cognitive impairment
  6. /Trail Making Test

Clinical trials data

Trail Making Test in mild cognitive impairment trials: 213 registered studies

Every registered mild cognitive impairment study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Trail Making Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered mild cognitive impairment studies name it in an outcome measure
213
Name it in a primary outcome, 38%
82 of 213
Of the condition's 859 studies name it, against 14% of all registered studies
25%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
70
By phase
Try Trail Making Test ATry Trail Making Test B

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that mild cognitive impairment studies naming the Trail Making Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Digit Span Test95 studies, 34 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Fluency86 studies, 28 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Learning84 studies, 44 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Stroop Color-Word Test64 studies, 22 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Category Fluency51 studies, 23 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Symbol Coding42 studies, 22 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Picture Naming Test41 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Short Story Recall29 studies, 14 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall22 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Clock Drawing Task21 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 5 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 11 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 9 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 13 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 18 studies, 8 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 19 studies, 9 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 16 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 26 studies, 7 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 23 studies, 14 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 22 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 23 studies, 8 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200610
200700
200811
200911
201053
201141
201251
201320
201421
201562
2016113
201794
201864
2019135
2020188
2021199
2022165
2023267
20242314
2025225
2026238

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 14 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 220 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 32 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 45 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable165 studies, 67 as a primary outcome
  • Observational15 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200500
  • Phase 278 median, 54 to 142
  • Not applicable62 median, 38 to 128
  • Observational140 median, 80 to 425
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per mild cognitive impairment study that names the Trail Making Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2197854 to 142
Not applicable1656238 to 128
Observational1514080 to 425

When mild cognitive impairment trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 8 weeks to 7 months. 75 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day11 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks17 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months57 outcomes, 31 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months44 outcomes, 16 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months43 outcomes, 9 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years18 outcomes, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years9 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given14 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

199 of the 213 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting48 studies, 18 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting15 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting6 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Completed98 studies, 39 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown41 studies, 16 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral78 studies, 34 as a primary outcome
  • Drug27 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Device46 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement15 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Biological2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Other63 studies, 30 as a primary outcome
  • None given9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States70 studies, 25 as a primary outcome
  • Italy24 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Canada13 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • China12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Hong Kong11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Spain10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • France7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Germany7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • South Korea7 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Greece6 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Pakistan6 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

35 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 11 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed mild cognitive impairment studies that name the Trail Making Test: 46 of 98, 47%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed mild cognitive impairment studies that name the Trail Making Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted mild cognitive impairment studies that name the Trail Making TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper16, 16%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only12, 12%1,139, 14%
A results paper only18, 18%1,711, 22%
Neither52, 53%4,327, 54%

The 213 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionMild cognitive impairment
TestThe Trail Making Test

213 studies match. 82 name the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome. Median size 70 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 13 weeks.

Loading 213 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
01020302000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2010: 5 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20102011: 4 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2012: 5 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2014: 2 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2015: 6 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20152016: 11 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2017: 9 studies, 4 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 4 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2019: 13 studies, 5 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2020: 18 studies, 8 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20202021: 19 studies, 9 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2022: 16 studies, 5 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2023: 26 studies, 7 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2024: 23 studies, 14 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2025: 22 studies, 5 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20252026: 23 studies, 8 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200610
200700
200811
200911
201053
201141
201251
201320
201421
201562
2016113
201794
201864
2019135
2020188
2021199
2022165
2023267
20242314
2025225
2026238

Library tests named most

  • Trail Making Test213 studies, 82 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test95 studies, 34 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency86 studies, 28 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning84 studies, 44 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test64 studies, 22 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency51 studies, 23 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding42 studies, 22 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test41 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Short Story Recall29 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall22 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Mild cognitive impairment213 studies, 82 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's71 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise25 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease12 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Healthy volunteers9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Obesity and diabetes7 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Cardiovascular disease6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Brain injury and concussion3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 17, other 196. Interventional 198, observational 15.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Trail Making Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07883148Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants52Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary8 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary8 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary8 months
NCT07865260Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Stroke, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary8 weeks
NCT07856043Start2026PhasePhase 1ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairment, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants18Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 weeks
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary12 weeks
NCT07775079Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants96Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Task Switching TestPrimary8 weeks
NCT07764250Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants96Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
NCT07735910Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disorders, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary2 weeks
NCT07733726Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants66Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary7 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary7 months
NCT07731334Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants384Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary12 months
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary12 months
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary
NCT07667478Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary6 months
NCT07652775Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary5 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary5 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary5 weeks
NCT07646054Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants1,200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
NCT07642518Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Obesity and diabetesParticipants38Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Short Story RecallSecondary6 months
NCT07636538Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Stroke, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary
  • Digit Span TestSecondary
NCT07629349Start2020PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants600Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary6 months
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary6 months
  • Block Copy TestPrimary6 months
NCT07616050Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Stroke, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary9 weeks
NCT07598409Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Healthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants156Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07547111Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants42Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
NCT07517380Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary6 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary6 months
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary6 months
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimary6 months
NCT07512193Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary4 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary4 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskSecondary4 weeks
NCT07497334Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Task Switching TestSecondary6 months
NCT07423260Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants38Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary16 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary16 weeks
  • Arithmetic Fluency TaskPrimary16 weeks
NCT07402356Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants140Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • N-Back TaskPrimarysame day
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
NCT07385937Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary18 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary18 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary18 months
  • Category FluencySecondary18 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary18 months
  • Cancellation TestSecondary18 months
  • Delayed Recall ModuleSecondary18 months
NCT07376135Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants300Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome18 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestOther outcome18 months
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome18 months
  • Digit Span TestOther outcome18 months
  • Symbol CodingOther outcome18 months
  • Short Story RecallOther outcome18 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallOther outcome18 months
NCT07366346Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary5 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary5 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary5 months
  • Category FluencyPrimary5 months

Page 1 of 9

Questions, answered from the data

How many mild cognitive impairment trials use the Trail Making Test?

213 registered mild cognitive impairment studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 82 of them in a primary outcome: 25% of the condition's 859 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 14% of all of them. It is the test mild cognitive impairment trials name most.

Which tests do mild cognitive impairment trials use with the Trail Making Test?

The Digit Span Test (95 studies), Verbal Fluency (86 studies) and Verbal Learning (84 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 mild cognitive impairment trials that use the Trail Making Test enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 78 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 54 to 142. 19 of them give a size.

When do mild cognitive impairment trials measure the Trail Making Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 8 weeks to 7 months. 75 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed mild cognitive impairment trials that use the Trail Making Test have reported results?

46 of the 98 completed studies that name it, 47%, have reported results: 28 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 34 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 16 did both. The other 52 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Trail Making Test and mild cognitive impairment

  • Every cognitive test in mild cognitive impairment trials: 859 studies
  • The Trail Making Test in all clinical trials: 2,293 studies

The Trail Making Test in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's273
  • Aging, frailty and exercise255
  • Depression and bipolar disorder204
  • Cancer187
  • Parkinson's disease156
  • Stroke156
  • Brain injury and concussion115
  • Cardiovascular disease105
  • Obesity and diabetes102
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis102
  • Pain and fatigue94
  • Sleep and sleep disorders85
  • Cognitive impairment and decline77
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD69
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care69
  • Healthy volunteers68
  • Substance use and addiction52

Other tests in mild cognitive impairment trials

  • Verbal Learning183
  • Verbal Fluency177
  • Digit Span Test169
  • Stroop Color-Word Test126
  • Category Fluency92
  • Symbol Coding84
  • Short Story Recall74
  • Picture Naming Test71

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Trail Making Test A and Trail Making Test B as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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