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  1. Home
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  5. /Parkinson's disease
  6. /Trail Making Test

Clinical trials data

Trail Making Test in Parkinson's disease trials: 156 registered studies

Every registered Parkinson's disease study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Trail Making Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered Parkinson's disease studies name it in an outcome measure
156
Name it in a primary outcome, 24%
38 of 156
Of the condition's 892 studies name it, against 14% of all registered studies
17%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
40
By phase
Try Trail Making Test ATry Trail Making Test B

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that Parkinson's disease studies naming the Trail Making Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Stroop Color-Word Test68 studies, 19 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Fluency50 studies, 10 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Digit Span Test42 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Verbal Learning32 studies, 12 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding20 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Category Fluency19 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Picture Naming Test16 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall13 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Line Angle Matching12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)11 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 4 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 5 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 9 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 12 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 9 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 16 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 15 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 14 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 14 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 12 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 24 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200800
200910
201000
201130
201232
201341
201440
201550
201640
201792
201863
2019122
202094
2021166
2022153
2023144
2024144
2025123
2026244

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 12 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 16 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/24 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 28 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 44 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable116 studies, 29 as a primary outcome
  • Observational16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Not applicable39 median, 24 to 60
  • Observational73 median, 48 to 223
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per Parkinson's disease study that names the Trail Making Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable1153924 to 60
Observational167348 to 223

When Parkinson's disease trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 6 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 2 days to 13 weeks. 36 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day20 outcomes, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks27 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months53 outcomes, 12 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months25 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months16 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years5 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years3 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given7 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

149 of the 156 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting31 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting12 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Completed57 studies, 18 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early13 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown41 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral44 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Drug20 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Device39 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Biological2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Genetic2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other62 studies, 18 as a primary outcome
  • None given5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States44 studies, 15 as a primary outcome
  • Italy20 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Spain9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Canada7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Taiwan7 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Türkiye7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • China5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Germany5 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

26 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 12 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed Parkinson's disease studies that name the Trail Making Test: 24 of 57, 42%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed Parkinson's disease studies that name the Trail Making Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted Parkinson's disease studies that name the Trail Making TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper6, 11%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only7, 12%1,139, 14%
A results paper only11, 19%1,711, 22%
Neither33, 58%4,327, 54%

The 156 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionParkinson's disease
TestThe Trail Making Test

156 studies match. 38 name the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome. Median size 40 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 6 weeks.

Loading 156 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
01020302000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20102011: 3 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2012: 3 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 1 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2014: 4 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2015: 5 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 0 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2017: 9 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2018: 6 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2019: 12 studies, 2 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2020: 9 studies, 4 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20202021: 16 studies, 6 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2022: 15 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2023: 14 studies, 4 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2024: 14 studies, 4 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome2025: 12 studies, 3 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome20252026: 24 studies, 4 naming the Trail Making Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 with no start year.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200500
200600
200700
200800
200910
201000
201130
201232
201341
201440
201550
201640
201792
201863
2019122
202094
2021166
2022153
2023144
2024144
2025123
2026244

Library tests named most

  • Trail Making Test156 studies, 38 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test68 studies, 19 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency50 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test42 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning32 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding20 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency19 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test16 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall13 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Line Angle Matching12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Parkinson's disease156 studies, 38 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment12 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Multiple sclerosis8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Healthy volunteers4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Brain injury and concussion2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Cardiovascular disease2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Epilepsy2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 4, other 152. Interventional 140, observational 16.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Trail Making Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07907718Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary8 weeks
NCT07865260Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Stroke, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary8 weeks
NCT07833748Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants12Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary13 weeks
  • Choice Reaction TimeSecondary13 weeks
  • Simple Reaction TimeSecondary13 weeks
  • Finger Tapping TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT07718659Start2026PhasePhase 1ConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants8Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
NCT07714772Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsParkinson's disease, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary2 weeks
NCT07705373Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary
NCT07678983Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants66Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Category FluencySecondary8 weeks
NCT07641569Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants39Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 weeks
NCT07641556Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 weeks
NCT07636538Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Stroke, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary
  • Digit Span TestSecondary
NCT07630194Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary12 weeks
NCT07616050Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Stroke, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary9 weeks
NCT07582497Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07569120Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's disease, Healthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants165Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 days
  • Verbal FluencySecondary2 days
  • Digit Span TestSecondary2 days
  • Category FluencySecondary2 days
  • Tower PlanningSecondary2 days
NCT07518290Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants98Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary4 weeks
NCT07478146Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 weeks
NCT07463755Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants36Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary4 weeks
  • Cancellation TestSecondary4 weeks
NCT07440563Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary3 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary3 weeks
  • Task Switching TestSecondary3 weeks
NCT07355842Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's disease, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary18 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary18 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary18 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary18 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary18 months
  • Category FluencySecondary18 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary18 months
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskOther outcome18 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary18 months
  • Finger Tapping TaskSecondary18 months
  • Sustained Attention to ResponseOther outcome18 months
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary18 months
NCT07340073Start2026PhasePhase 1ConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary9 weeks
  • N-Back TaskSecondary9 weeks
NCT07271927Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants15Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary10 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary10 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary10 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary10 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary10 weeks
NCT07262658Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Category FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primarysame day
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimarysame day
  • Symbol Scan TaskPrimarysame day
NCT07240272Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants28Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary13 weeks
NCT07221994Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's diseaseParticipants3Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 weeks
NCT07214974Start2026PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants600Lead sponsorIndustryStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 years
  • Verbal LearningSecondary5 years
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary5 years

Page 1 of 7

Questions, answered from the data

How many Parkinson's disease trials use the Trail Making Test?

156 registered Parkinson's disease studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 38 of them in a primary outcome: 17% of the condition's 892 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 14% of all of them. It is the test Parkinson's disease trials name most.

Which tests do Parkinson's disease trials use with the Trail Making Test?

The Stroop Color-Word Test (68 studies), Verbal Fluency (50 studies) and the Digit Span Test (42 studies).

When do Parkinson's disease trials measure the Trail Making Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Trail Making Test are measured within 6 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 2 days to 13 weeks. 36 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed Parkinson's disease trials that use the Trail Making Test have reported results?

24 of the 57 completed studies that name it, 42%, have reported results: 13 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 17 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 6 did both. The other 33 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Trail Making Test and Parkinson's disease

  • Every cognitive test in Parkinson's disease trials: 892 studies
  • The Trail Making Test in all clinical trials: 2,293 studies

The Trail Making Test in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's273
  • Aging, frailty and exercise255
  • Mild cognitive impairment213
  • Depression and bipolar disorder204
  • Cancer187
  • Stroke156
  • Brain injury and concussion115
  • Cardiovascular disease105
  • Obesity and diabetes102
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis102
  • Pain and fatigue94
  • Sleep and sleep disorders85
  • Cognitive impairment and decline77
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD69
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care69
  • Healthy volunteers68
  • Substance use and addiction52

Other tests in Parkinson's disease trials

  • Verbal Fluency140
  • Stroop Color-Word Test126
  • Digit Span Test86
  • Verbal Learning61

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Trail Making Test A and Trail Making Test B as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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