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    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Mild cognitive impairment
  6. /Digit Span Test

Clinical trials data

Digit Span Test in mild cognitive impairment trials: 169 registered studies

Every registered mild cognitive impairment study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Digit Span Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered mild cognitive impairment studies name it in an outcome measure
169
Name it in a primary outcome, 46%
77 of 169
Of the condition's 859 studies name it, against 10% of all registered studies
20%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
60
By phase
Try the Digit Span Test

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that mild cognitive impairment studies naming the Digit Span Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Trail Making Test95 studies, 35 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Fluency67 studies, 28 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Learning59 studies, 32 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Category Fluency39 studies, 18 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Stroop Color-Word Test39 studies, 13 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Symbol Coding32 studies, 19 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Short Story Recall29 studies, 14 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Picture Naming Test27 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Clock Drawing Task16 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall11 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 7 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 6 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 10 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 14 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 15 studies, 10 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 12 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 15 studies, 8 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 22 studies, 12 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 19 studies, 7 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 16 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200311
200400
200500
200600
200700
200821
200911
201062
201120
201242
201320
201432
201584
201675
201763
201841
2019103
2020145
20211510
2022125
2023158
20242212
2025197
2026165

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 13 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/22 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 214 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 33 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 43 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable135 studies, 62 as a primary outcome
  • Observational9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Phase 286 median, 52 to 176
  • Not applicable60 median, 40 to 113
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per mild cognitive impairment study that names the Digit Span Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2138652 to 176
Not applicable1356040 to 113

When mild cognitive impairment trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Digit Span Test are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 8 weeks to 6 months. 69 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day11 outcomes, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks12 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months52 outcomes, 27 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months35 outcomes, 18 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months28 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years12 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years5 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given14 outcomes, 8 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

155 of the 169 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting32 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Completed78 studies, 32 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown29 studies, 15 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral62 studies, 30 as a primary outcome
  • Drug18 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Device37 studies, 15 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement14 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Biological1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Other49 studies, 25 as a primary outcome
  • None given4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States43 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Hong Kong15 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • China11 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Italy11 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Canada10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Taiwan10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Singapore9 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Spain7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Germany6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Greece6 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Switzerland6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

31 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 17 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed mild cognitive impairment studies that name the Digit Span Test: 34 of 78, 44%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed mild cognitive impairment studies that name the Digit Span Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted mild cognitive impairment studies that name the Digit Span TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper6, 8%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only11, 14%1,139, 14%
A results paper only17, 22%1,711, 22%
Neither44, 56%4,327, 54%

The 169 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionMild cognitive impairment
TestThe Digit Span Test

169 studies match. 77 name the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome. Median size 60 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 13 weeks.

Loading 169 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
01020302000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 1 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2009: 1 studies, 1 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2010: 6 studies, 2 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20102011: 2 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2012: 4 studies, 2 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2014: 3 studies, 2 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2015: 8 studies, 4 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20152016: 7 studies, 5 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2017: 6 studies, 3 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2018: 4 studies, 1 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2019: 10 studies, 3 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2020: 14 studies, 5 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20202021: 15 studies, 10 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2022: 12 studies, 5 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2023: 15 studies, 8 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2024: 22 studies, 12 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2025: 19 studies, 7 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20252026: 16 studies, 5 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200311
200400
200500
200600
200700
200821
200911
201062
201120
201242
201320
201432
201584
201675
201763
201841
2019103
2020145
20211510
2022125
2023158
20242212
2025197
2026165

Library tests named most

  • Digit Span Test169 studies, 77 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test95 studies, 35 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency67 studies, 28 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning59 studies, 32 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency39 studies, 18 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test39 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding32 studies, 19 as a primary outcome
  • Short Story Recall29 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test27 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Clock Drawing Task16 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Mild cognitive impairment169 studies, 77 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's49 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise22 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Healthy volunteers10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Obesity and diabetes4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD3 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Cardiovascular disease3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Brain injury and concussion2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 13, other 156. Interventional 160, observational 9.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Digit Span Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07883148Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants52Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary8 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary8 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary8 months
NCT07863518Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants61Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary7 months
  • Arithmetic Fluency TaskPrimary7 months
NCT07799584Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary8 weeks
  • N-Back TaskPrimary8 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary8 weeks
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskPrimary6 months
NCT07766993Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 months
NCT07735910Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disorders, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary2 weeks
NCT07731334Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants384Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary12 months
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary12 months
  • Oddball Target DetectionSecondary
NCT07672977Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants30Lead sponsorIndustryStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome7 months
  • Digit Span TestOther outcome7 months
  • Short Story RecallOther outcome7 months
  • Symbol Scan TaskOther outcome7 months
  • Word Pair LearningOther outcome7 months
NCT07667478Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary6 months
NCT07656389Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants192Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondarysame day
NCT07652775Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary5 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary5 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary5 weeks
NCT07650318Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Obesity and diabetesParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Short Story RecallSecondary6 months
  • Delayed Recall ModuleSecondary6 months
NCT07642518Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Obesity and diabetesParticipants38Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Short Story RecallSecondary6 months
NCT07636538Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Stroke, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary
  • Digit Span TestSecondary
NCT07629349Start2020PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants600Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary6 months
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary6 months
  • Block Copy TestPrimary6 months
NCT07598409Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Healthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants156Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07517380Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary6 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary6 months
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary6 months
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimary6 months
NCT07512193Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary4 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary4 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary4 weeks
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskSecondary4 weeks
NCT07497334Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Task Switching TestSecondary6 months
NCT07389655Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Category FluencySecondary12 weeks
  • Short Story RecallSecondary12 weeks
NCT07385937Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary18 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary18 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary18 months
  • Category FluencySecondary18 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary18 months
  • Cancellation TestSecondary18 months
  • Delayed Recall ModuleSecondary18 months
NCT07376135Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants300Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome18 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestOther outcome18 months
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome18 months
  • Digit Span TestOther outcome18 months
  • Symbol CodingOther outcome18 months
  • Short Story RecallOther outcome18 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallOther outcome18 months
NCT07334392Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 weeks
NCT07321821Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary9 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary9 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary9 weeks
NCT07318038Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairmentParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary1 week
NCT07241598Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 months
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary12 months
  • Category FluencySecondary12 months

Page 1 of 7

Questions, answered from the data

How many mild cognitive impairment trials use the Digit Span Test?

169 registered mild cognitive impairment studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 77 of them in a primary outcome: 20% of the condition's 859 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 10% of all of them. It is the 4th most named test in mild cognitive impairment trials.

Which tests do mild cognitive impairment trials use with the Digit Span Test?

The Trail Making Test (95 studies), Verbal Fluency (67 studies) and Verbal Learning (59 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 mild cognitive impairment trials that use the Digit Span Test enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 86 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 52 to 176. 13 of them give a size.

When do mild cognitive impairment trials measure the Digit Span Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Digit Span Test are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 8 weeks to 6 months. 69 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed mild cognitive impairment trials that use the Digit Span Test have reported results?

34 of the 78 completed studies that name it, 44%, have reported results: 17 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 23 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 6 did both. The other 44 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Digit Span Test and mild cognitive impairment

  • Every cognitive test in mild cognitive impairment trials: 859 studies
  • The Digit Span Test in all clinical trials: 1,629 studies

The Digit Span Test in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's181
  • Depression and bipolar disorder143
  • Aging, frailty and exercise129
  • Cancer107
  • Stroke100
  • Brain injury and concussion98
  • Parkinson's disease86
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD72
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis66
  • Healthy volunteers64
  • Obesity and diabetes64
  • Sleep and sleep disorders63
  • Pain and fatigue61
  • Cognitive impairment and decline60
  • Cardiovascular disease59
  • ADHD58

Other tests in mild cognitive impairment trials

  • Trail Making Test213
  • Verbal Learning183
  • Verbal Fluency177
  • Stroop Color-Word Test126
  • Category Fluency92
  • Symbol Coding84
  • Short Story Recall74
  • Picture Naming Test71

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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