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  1. Home
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  5. /Aging, frailty and exercise
  6. /Digit Span Test

Clinical trials data

Digit Span Test in aging, frailty and exercise trials: 129 registered studies

Every registered aging, frailty and exercise study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Digit Span Test in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered aging, frailty and exercise studies name it in an outcome measure
129
Name it in a primary outcome, 43%
55 of 129
Of the condition's 1,398 studies name it, against 10% of all registered studies
9%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
81
By phase
Try the Digit Span Test

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that aging, frailty and exercise studies naming the Digit Span Test name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Trail Making Test62 studies, 29 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Stroop Color-Word Test53 studies, 22 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Fluency34 studies, 13 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Verbal Learning30 studies, 18 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding30 studies, 12 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Category Fluency17 studies, 10 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    N-Back Task9 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Picture Naming Test9 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Task Switching Test9 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Card Sorting Test (Berg)9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 3 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 12 studies, 6 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 5 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 10 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 21 studies, 8 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 14 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 13 studies, 8 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 21 studies, 9 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200110
200200
200311
200400
200500
200600
200700
200811
200900
201000
201100
201200
201322
201433
201541
201642
201751
2018126
201953
2020103
202161
2022218
2023144
2024138
2025219
202662

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 12 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 23 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 32 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 42 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable107 studies, 43 as a primary outcome
  • Observational13 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Not applicable80 median, 49 to 120
  • Observational100 median, 60 to 240
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per aging, frailty and exercise study that names the Digit Span Test, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable1068049 to 120
Observational1310060 to 240

When aging, frailty and exercise trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Digit Span Test are measured within 12 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 6 weeks to 6 months. 53 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day17 outcomes, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks13 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months48 outcomes, 21 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months25 outcomes, 11 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months13 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years4 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years5 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given4 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

125 of the 129 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting20 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting9 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting7 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Completed71 studies, 31 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown17 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral59 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Drug6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Device14 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement12 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other41 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • None given5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States26 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Taiwan19 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Hong Kong10 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Spain10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Canada8 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • United Kingdom6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Germany5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Italy4 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Singapore3 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Türkiye3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

28 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 10 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed aging, frailty and exercise studies that name the Digit Span Test: 30 of 71, 42%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed aging, frailty and exercise studies that name the Digit Span Test and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted aging, frailty and exercise studies that name the Digit Span TestEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper4, 6%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only9, 13%1,139, 14%
A results paper only17, 24%1,711, 22%
Neither41, 58%4,327, 54%

The 129 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionAging, frailty and exercise
TestThe Digit Span Test

129 studies match. 55 name the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome. Median size 81 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 12 weeks.

Loading 129 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
01020302000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20002001: 1 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 1 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 2 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2014: 3 studies, 3 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 1 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20152016: 4 studies, 2 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2017: 5 studies, 1 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2018: 12 studies, 6 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2019: 5 studies, 3 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2020: 10 studies, 3 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20202021: 6 studies, 1 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2022: 21 studies, 8 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2023: 14 studies, 4 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2024: 13 studies, 8 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome2025: 21 studies, 9 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome20252026: 6 studies, 2 naming the Digit Span Test in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200110
200200
200311
200400
200500
200600
200700
200811
200900
201000
201100
201200
201322
201433
201541
201642
201751
2018126
201953
2020103
202161
2022218
2023144
2024138
2025219
202662

Library tests named most

  • Digit Span Test129 studies, 55 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test62 studies, 29 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test53 studies, 22 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency34 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning30 studies, 18 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding30 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency17 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • N-Back Task9 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test9 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Task Switching Test9 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Aging, frailty and exercise129 studies, 55 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment22 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Healthy volunteers22 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's15 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Obesity and diabetes6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders4 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 1, other 128. Interventional 116, observational 13.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Digit Span Test

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07835503Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants49Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 weeks
NCT07702994Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Lung diseaseParticipants210Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary13 weeks
NCT07701317Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants108Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary6 weeks
NCT07656389Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants192Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondarysame day
NCT07598409Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Healthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants156Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07569120Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsParkinson's disease, Healthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants165Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 days
  • Verbal FluencySecondary2 days
  • Digit Span TestSecondary2 days
  • Category FluencySecondary2 days
  • Tower PlanningSecondary2 days
NCT07497334Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Task Switching TestSecondary6 months
NCT07494149Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants158Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary4 months
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary4 months
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimary4 months
NCT07485062Start2026PhasePhase 4ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Obesity and diabetesParticipants164Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary7 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary7 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary7 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary7 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary7 months
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskSecondary7 months
NCT07446062Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants52Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07443657Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary5 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary5 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary5 weeks
NCT07443189Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants233Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
  • N-Back TaskPrimary6 months
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary6 months
  • Eriksen Flanker TaskPrimary6 months
  • Task Switching TestPrimary6 months
  • AX Continuous Performance TestWording unclear
  • Attention Network TestPrimary6 months
  • Posner CueingPrimary6 months
NCT07392723Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Delayed Recall ModuleSecondary6 months
NCT07251296Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants90Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary10 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary10 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary10 weeks
NCT07208279Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants16Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary6 weeks
NCT07170943Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipantsNot givenLead sponsorOtherStatusStopped earlyLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 weeks
NCT07165977Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants110Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary13 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningOther outcome
  • Cancellation TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Recognition Memory TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Block Copy TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07158866Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants110Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
NCT07156708Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants98Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary6 months
NCT07132281Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Primary12 weeks
  • Task Switching TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Short Story RecallPrimary12 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary12 weeks
  • Remote Associates TestPrimary12 weeks
NCT07113860Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants342Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
NCT07110870Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants38Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary8 weeks
NCT07105800Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary10 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary10 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary10 weeks
NCT07081269Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants240Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary18 months
  • Task Switching TestPrimary18 months
NCT07048561Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsAging, frailty and exerciseParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Emotional Stroop TaskPrimary12 months

Page 1 of 6

Questions, answered from the data

How many aging, frailty and exercise trials use the Digit Span Test?

129 registered aging, frailty and exercise studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 55 of them in a primary outcome: 9% of the condition's 1,398 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 10% of all of them. It is the 4th most named test in aging, frailty and exercise trials.

Which tests do aging, frailty and exercise trials use with the Digit Span Test?

The Trail Making Test (62 studies), the Stroop Color-Word Test (53 studies) and Verbal Fluency (34 studies).

When do aging, frailty and exercise trials measure the Digit Span Test?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Digit Span Test are measured within 12 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 6 weeks to 6 months. 53 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed aging, frailty and exercise trials that use the Digit Span Test have reported results?

30 of the 71 completed studies that name it, 42%, have reported results: 13 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 21 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 4 did both. The other 41 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Digit Span Test and aging, frailty and exercise

  • Every cognitive test in aging, frailty and exercise trials: 1,398 studies
  • The Digit Span Test in all clinical trials: 1,629 studies

The Digit Span Test in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's181
  • Mild cognitive impairment169
  • Depression and bipolar disorder143
  • Cancer107
  • Stroke100
  • Brain injury and concussion98
  • Parkinson's disease86
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD72
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis66
  • Healthy volunteers64
  • Obesity and diabetes64
  • Sleep and sleep disorders63
  • Pain and fatigue61
  • Cognitive impairment and decline60
  • Cardiovascular disease59
  • ADHD58

Other tests in aging, frailty and exercise trials

  • Trail Making Test255
  • Stroop Color-Word Test230
  • Verbal Fluency136
  • Verbal Learning128
  • Symbol Coding116
  • N-Back Task68

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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