Clinical trials data
Symbol Coding in aging, frailty and exercise trials: 116 registered studies
Every registered aging, frailty and exercise study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Symbol Coding in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.
- Registered aging, frailty and exercise studies name it in an outcome measure
- 116
- Name it in a primary outcome, 29%
- 34 of 116
Tests named in the same studies
- 1
Trail Making Test52 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
- 2
Verbal Learning33 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
- 3
Digit Span Test30 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
- 4
Stroop Color-Word Test30 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
- 5
Verbal Fluency21 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
- 6
N-Back Task12 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
- 7
Task Switching Test9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
- 8
Short Story Recall8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
- 9
Matrix Reasoning8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- 10
Selective Reminding Task7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes
Studies by start year
A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes
Show as a table
| Start year | Studies | A test as a primary outcome |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004 | 0 | 0 |
| 2005 | 0 | 0 |
| 2006 | 0 | 0 |
| 2007 | 0 | 0 |
| 2008 | 1 | 1 |
| 2009 | 0 | 0 |
| 2010 | 1 | 0 |
| 2011 | 0 | 0 |
| 2012 | 0 | 0 |
| 2013 | 3 | 1 |
| 2014 | 1 | 0 |
| 2015 | 3 | 0 |
| 2016 | 5 | 2 |
| 2017 | 5 | 2 |
| 2018 | 9 | 2 |
| 2019 | 7 | 1 |
| 2020 | 5 | 0 |
| 2021 | 9 | 3 |
| 2022 | 9 | 2 |
| 2023 | 11 | 3 |
| 2024 | 12 | 1 |
| 2025 | 21 | 11 |
| 2026 | 13 | 5 |
Phases and study sizes
By phase
- Early phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Phase 1/22 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Phase 21 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Phase 32 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Phase 42 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Not applicable90 studies, 29 as a primary outcome
- Observational17 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
Participants per study
- Not applicable82 median, 45 to 135
- Observational92 median, 60 to 212
Show as a table
| Phase | Studies with a size | Median | Middle half |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not applicable | 89 | 82 | 45 to 135 |
| Observational | 17 | 92 | 60 to 212 |
When aging, frailty and exercise trials measure it
Latest time point of each outcome
- Within a day17 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
- Up to 4 weeks10 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
- 1 to 3 months35 outcomes, 14 as a primary outcome
- 3 to 6 months27 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
- 6 to 12 months11 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
- 1 to 2 years7 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
- Over 2 years7 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
- No duration given2 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes
114 of the 116 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.
Status, results, interventions and countries
Status
- Recruiting24 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
- Not yet recruiting10 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
- Active, not recruiting10 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
- Completed58 studies, 15 as a primary outcome
- Stopped early2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Status unknown12 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
What they test
- Behavioral46 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
- Drug5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Device10 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- Dietary supplement14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
- Procedure3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- Diagnostic test5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Biological1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Combination product2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Genetic1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Other40 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
- None given6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.
Where their sites are
- United States37 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
- Spain10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
- Canada7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Denmark7 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- China6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- United Kingdom6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- France5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Sweden5 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Hong Kong4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Italy4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- Belgium3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Germany3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
32 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 3 list no site.
Reported results
Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.
Completed aging, frailty and exercise studies that name Symbol Coding: 23 of 58, 40%
Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%
| Results | Completed aging, frailty and exercise studies that name Symbol Coding | Every completed study |
|---|---|---|
| Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper | 3, 5% | 776, 10% |
| Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only | 4, 7% | 1,139, 14% |
| A results paper only | 16, 28% | 1,711, 22% |
| Neither | 35, 60% | 4,327, 54% |
The 116 studies
116 studies match. 34 name Symbol Coding in a primary outcome. Median size 80 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 12 weeks.
Loading 116 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.
2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 planned to start after 2026.
Show as a table
| Start year | Studies | As a primary outcome |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004 | 0 | 0 |
| 2005 | 0 | 0 |
| 2006 | 0 | 0 |
| 2007 | 0 | 0 |
| 2008 | 1 | 1 |
| 2009 | 0 | 0 |
| 2010 | 1 | 0 |
| 2011 | 0 | 0 |
| 2012 | 0 | 0 |
| 2013 | 3 | 1 |
| 2014 | 1 | 0 |
| 2015 | 3 | 0 |
| 2016 | 5 | 2 |
| 2017 | 5 | 2 |
| 2018 | 9 | 2 |
| 2019 | 7 | 1 |
| 2020 | 5 | 0 |
| 2021 | 9 | 3 |
| 2022 | 9 | 2 |
| 2023 | 11 | 3 |
| 2024 | 12 | 1 |
| 2025 | 21 | 11 |
| 2026 | 13 | 5 |
Library tests named most
Largest condition groups
Phases
Participants
Lead sponsor: industry 8, other 108. Interventional 99, observational 17.
As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeSymbol Coding
The studies, newest registration first
Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
| Study | Start | Phase | Conditions | Participants | Lead sponsor | Status | Library tests named, with the latest time point |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07902206 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Huntington's disease | Participants88 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07890753 | Start2026 | PhaseObservational | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise | Participants60 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07852572 | Start2027 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise | Participants204 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07827651 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exercise, Sleep and sleep disorders | Participants64 | Lead sponsorIndustry | StatusActive, not recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07769411 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise | Participants108 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT07738120 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Aging, frailty and exercise | Participants30 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07701317 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise | Participants108 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT07668908 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise | Participants20 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07666685 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Cardiovascular disease | Participants120 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07633392 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Substance use and addiction, Sleep and sleep disorders, Cardiovascular disease | Participants240 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07623122 | Start2024 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exercise | Participants120 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT07544420 | Start2026 | PhasePhase 1 | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise | Participants21 | Lead sponsorIndustry | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07543900 | Start2024 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Aging, frailty and exercise | Participants5 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT07504120 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Depression and bipolar disorder, Aging, frailty and exercise, Pain and fatigue | Participants50 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07497334 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Aging, frailty and exercise | Participants45 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07485062 | Start2026 | PhasePhase 4 | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Obesity and diabetes | Participants164 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07392944 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Aging, frailty and exercise | Participants60 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07378566 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Aging, frailty and exercise | Participants80 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07341217 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsCancer, Aging, frailty and exercise | Participants86 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07292428 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise | Participants80 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07248657 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Aging, frailty and exercise | Participants26 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07209683 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise | Participants30 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07208279 | Start2025 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsHealthy volunteers, Aging, frailty and exercise | Participants16 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07170943 | Start2021 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise | ParticipantsNot given | Lead sponsorOther | StatusStopped early | Library tests named
|
| NCT07165977 | Start2024 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsAging, frailty and exercise | Participants110 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusActive, not recruiting | Library tests named
|
Questions, answered from the data
How many aging, frailty and exercise trials use Symbol Coding?
116 registered aging, frailty and exercise studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 34 of them in a primary outcome: 8% of the condition's 1,398 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 9% of all of them. It is the 6th most named test in aging, frailty and exercise trials.
Which tests do aging, frailty and exercise trials use with Symbol Coding?
The Trail Making Test (52 studies), Verbal Learning (33 studies) and the Digit Span Test (30 studies).
When do aging, frailty and exercise trials measure Symbol Coding?
Half of the primary outcomes that name Symbol Coding are measured within 12 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 5 weeks to 5 months. 34 primary outcomes give a duration.
How many completed aging, frailty and exercise trials that use Symbol Coding have reported results?
23 of the 58 completed studies that name it, 40%, have reported results: 7 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 19 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 3 did both. The other 35 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.
How the studies are counted
For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.
The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.
A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.
A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.
The census counts Symbol Key Game and Symbol Coding as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.
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