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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Delirium, surgery and intensive care
  6. /Verbal Learning

Clinical trials data

Verbal Learning in delirium, surgery and intensive care trials: 51 registered studies

Every registered delirium, surgery and intensive care study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Verbal Learning in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered delirium, surgery and intensive care studies name it in an outcome measure
51
Name it in a primary outcome, 61%
31 of 51
Of the condition's 619 studies name it, against 11% of all registered studies
8%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
126
By phase
Try Verbal LearningTry the Grocery Trip Game

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that delirium, surgery and intensive care studies naming Verbal Learning name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Trail Making Test23 studies, 16 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Stroop Color-Word Test22 studies, 16 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Fluency20 studies, 9 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Digit Span Test15 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Symbol Coding13 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Clock Drawing Task4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Short Story Recall4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Picture Naming Test4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Symbol Scan Task2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 6 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 5 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 4 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200411
200500
200600
200710
200811
200900
201000
201100
201200
201322
201464
201543
201631
201720
201820
201943
202020
202121
202244
202353
202444
202532
202642

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 26 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 34 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 42 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable21 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Observational18 studies, 13 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Not applicable140 median, 40 to 238
  • Observational132 median, 60 to 216
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per delirium, surgery and intensive care study that names Verbal Learning, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable2114040 to 238
Observational1813260 to 216

When delirium, surgery and intensive care trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 3 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 1 week to 4 months. 28 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day4 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks20 outcomes, 14 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months8 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months9 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years2 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years2 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given3 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

48 of the 51 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed22 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown9 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Drug14 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Device5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other16 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • None given9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States15 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • China9 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Germany3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Spain3 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Austria1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • France1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Indonesia1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Italy1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

14 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 6 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed delirium, surgery and intensive care studies that name Verbal Learning: 10 of 22, 45%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed delirium, surgery and intensive care studies that name Verbal Learning and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted delirium, surgery and intensive care studies that name Verbal LearningEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper2, 9%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only2, 9%1,139, 14%
A results paper only6, 27%1,711, 22%
Neither12, 55%4,327, 54%

The 51 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionDelirium, surgery and intensive care
TestVerbal Learning

51 studies match. 31 name Verbal Learning in a primary outcome. Median size 126 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 3 weeks.

Loading 51 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
02462000: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2012: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2014: 6 studies, 4 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20152016: 3 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2018: 2 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2019: 4 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20202021: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 4 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2023: 5 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2024: 4 studies, 4 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2025: 3 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20252026: 4 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 planned to start after 2026.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200411
200500
200600
200710
200811
200900
201000
201100
201200
201322
201464
201543
201631
201720
201820
201943
202020
202121
202244
202353
202444
202532
202642

Library tests named most

  • Verbal Learning51 studies, 31 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test23 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test22 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency20 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test15 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding13 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Clock Drawing Task4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Short Story Recall4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care51 studies, 31 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Obesity and diabetes3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Cardiovascular disease3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Substance use and addiction1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 2, other 49. Interventional 33, observational 18.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeVerbal Learning

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07885085Start2027PhaseObservationalConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Substance use and addiction, Delirium, surgery and intensive care, Pain and fatigueParticipants552Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome6 months
NCT07872982Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants304Lead sponsorIndustryStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Symbol CodingPrimary1 week
  • Ordered Number Search TaskPrimary1 week
NCT07716800Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsCancer, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants205Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
NCT07689500Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants153Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
NCT07659431Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants114Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 months
NCT07452939Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary4 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary4 weeks
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskSecondary4 weeks
  • Short Story RecallSecondary4 weeks
NCT07314762Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsAging, frailty and exercise, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants1,200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary12 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary12 months
NCT06704451Start2014PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
NCT06658769Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants12Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary3 weeks
NCT06488807Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants686Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary6 months
NCT06469515Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants220Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary6 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
NCT06452147Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants1,860Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary1 week
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary1 week
NCT06267911Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants93Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 months
NCT06036095Start2023PhasePhase 4ConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants260Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 months
  • Short Story RecallPrimary12 months
NCT05953311Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary13 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary13 weeks
  • Reading Span TaskPrimary13 weeks
NCT05564195Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary3 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary3 weeks
NCT05482477Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants238Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary3 days
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary3 days
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary3 days
NCT05361460Start2019PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary2 weeks
NCT05330260Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants55Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary5 years
  • Digit Span TestPrimary5 years
  • Symbol CodingPrimary5 years
NCT05230134Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary12 months
  • Card Sorting Test (Berg)Secondary12 months
NCT05215886Start2022PhaseObservationalConditionsObesity and diabetes, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants9,500Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Verbal FluencySecondary
  • Digit Span TestSecondary
NCT05177185Start2022PhasePhase 2ConditionsCancer, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants70Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
NCT05059548Start2021PhaseObservationalConditionsSleep and sleep disorders, Delirium, surgery and intensive care, Pain and fatigueParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
NCT05010148Start2021PhasePhase 3ConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive care, Pain and fatigueParticipants219Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary3 days
  • Verbal FluencySecondary3 days
  • Symbol CodingSecondary3 days
NCT04360473Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsDelirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants140Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many delirium, surgery and intensive care trials use Verbal Learning?

51 registered delirium, surgery and intensive care studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 31 of them in a primary outcome: 8% of the condition's 619 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 11% of all of them. It is the 2nd most named test in delirium, surgery and intensive care trials.

Which tests do delirium, surgery and intensive care trials use with Verbal Learning?

The Trail Making Test (23 studies), the Stroop Color-Word Test (22 studies) and Verbal Fluency (20 studies).

When do delirium, surgery and intensive care trials measure Verbal Learning?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 3 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 1 week to 4 months. 28 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed delirium, surgery and intensive care trials that use Verbal Learning have reported results?

10 of the 22 completed studies that name it, 45%, have reported results: 4 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 8 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 2 did both. The other 12 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on Verbal Learning and delirium, surgery and intensive care

  • Every cognitive test in delirium, surgery and intensive care trials: 619 studies
  • Verbal Learning in all clinical trials: 1,832 studies

Verbal Learning in other conditions

  • Cancer235
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's224
  • Mild cognitive impairment183
  • Depression and bipolar disorder178
  • Multiple sclerosis139
  • Aging, frailty and exercise128
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis112
  • Brain injury and concussion111
  • Cognitive impairment and decline79
  • Substance use and addiction77
  • Obesity and diabetes74
  • Pain and fatigue72
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD70
  • Sleep and sleep disorders66
  • Cardiovascular disease64
  • Stroke63
  • Parkinson's disease61
  • Healthy volunteers56

Other tests in delirium, surgery and intensive care trials

  • Trail Making Test69

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Verbal Learning and Grocery Trip Game as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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