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    1. Verbal Fluency TestGradeA
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    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Brain injury and concussion
  6. /Verbal Learning

Clinical trials data

Verbal Learning in brain injury and concussion trials: 111 registered studies

Every registered brain injury and concussion study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Verbal Learning in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered brain injury and concussion studies name it in an outcome measure
111
Name it in a primary outcome, 45%
50 of 111
Of the condition's 444 studies name it, against 11% of all registered studies
25%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
51
By phase
Try Verbal LearningTry the Grocery Trip Game

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that brain injury and concussion studies naming Verbal Learning name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Trail Making Test46 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Digit Span Test43 studies, 19 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Verbal Fluency42 studies, 20 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Symbol Coding25 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Stroop Color-Word Test22 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Symbol Scan Task14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Category Fluency12 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Continuous Performance Test11 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall10 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Paced Visual Serial Addition Test8 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 4 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 6 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 7 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 11 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 8 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 5 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 7 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 6 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 7 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 11 studies, 5 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 5 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 8 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 5 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200321
200400
200500
200600
200744
200810
200931
201010
201111
201243
201365
201471
201542
2016112
201782
201854
201973
202065
202174
202240
2023115
202453
202583
202651

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 12 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 13 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/23 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 212 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/32 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 37 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 42 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable66 studies, 33 as a primary outcome
  • Observational14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200500
  • Phase 250 median, 32 to 68
  • Not applicable37 median, 22 to 100
  • Observational165 median, 51 to 350
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per brain injury and concussion study that names Verbal Learning, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 2115032 to 68
Not applicable653722 to 100
Observational1416551 to 350

When brain injury and concussion trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 12 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 9 weeks to 5 months. 47 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day11 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks12 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months42 outcomes, 24 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months25 outcomes, 9 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months9 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years3 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given6 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

105 of the 111 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting26 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed51 studies, 21 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early12 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown18 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral33 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Drug24 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Device29 studies, 17 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Biological4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other21 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • None given8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States78 studies, 39 as a primary outcome
  • Spain5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • France4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Canada3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Italy3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Norway3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Israel2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • South Korea2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Taiwan2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

30 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 5 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed brain injury and concussion studies that name Verbal Learning: 27 of 51, 53%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed brain injury and concussion studies that name Verbal Learning and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted brain injury and concussion studies that name Verbal LearningEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper5, 10%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only17, 33%1,139, 14%
A results paper only5, 10%1,711, 22%
Neither24, 47%4,327, 54%

The 111 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionBrain injury and concussion
TestVerbal Learning

111 studies match. 50 name Verbal Learning in a primary outcome. Median size 51 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 12 weeks.

Loading 111 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
0510152000: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2003: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2007: 4 studies, 4 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2009: 3 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2012: 4 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2013: 6 studies, 5 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2014: 7 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2015: 4 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20152016: 11 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2017: 8 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2018: 5 studies, 4 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2019: 7 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2020: 6 studies, 5 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20202021: 7 studies, 4 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2023: 11 studies, 5 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2024: 5 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2025: 8 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20252026: 5 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 that started before 2000.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200321
200400
200500
200600
200744
200810
200931
201010
201111
201243
201365
201471
201542
2016112
201782
201854
201973
202065
202174
202240
2023115
202453
202583
202651

Library tests named most

  • Verbal Learning111 studies, 50 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test46 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test43 studies, 19 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency42 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding25 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test22 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Scan Task14 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency12 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Continuous Performance Test11 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall10 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Brain injury and concussion111 studies, 50 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Multiple sclerosis3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Epilepsy3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 8, NIH 1, other 102. Interventional 97, observational 14.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeVerbal Learning

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07733336Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
NCT07733284Start2026PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 weeks
NCT07429526Start2013PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussion, Pain and fatigueParticipants12Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary13 weeks
NCT07428980Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants7Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 weeks
  • N-Back TaskSecondary2 weeks
  • Task Switching TestSecondary2 weeks
NCT07413562Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary13 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary13 weeks
NCT07345481Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussionParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondarysame day
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Digit Span TestSecondarysame day
  • Task Switching TestSecondarysame day
  • Serial Reaction TimeSecondarysame day
NCT07119827Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussionParticipants250Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary18 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Category FluencySecondary18 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary13 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Design Fluency TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07055633Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussion, Anxiety, PTSD and OCDParticipants144Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary10 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary10 weeks
NCT07025317Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary
  • Digit Span TestPrimary
  • Symbol CodingPrimary
NCT06860828Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Brain injury and concussionParticipants350Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
NCT06848140Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary9 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary9 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary9 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary9 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary9 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary9 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary9 weeks
NCT06840808Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants14Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary9 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary9 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary9 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary9 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary9 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary9 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary9 weeks
NCT06800040Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussionParticipants20Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
NCT06774287Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussionParticipants6Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT06604000Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants116Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondary12 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondarysame day
  • Vocabulary TestWording unclear
NCT06562127Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary8 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary8 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary8 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary8 months
NCT06556316Start2020PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussionParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Category FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary6 months
  • Vocabulary TestPrimary6 months
NCT06494592Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants37Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary12 weeks
NCT06480838Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants130Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary
  • Verbal LearningSecondary
  • Dimensional Change Card SortPrimary
  • Vocabulary TestPrimary
  • Size Order Memory TestPrimary
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonPrimary
  • Picture Order Memory TestPrimary
  • Symbol Scan TaskSecondary
NCT06473987Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants135Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary10 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary10 weeks
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary10 weeks
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskPrimary10 weeks
NCT06214364Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussionParticipants36Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 weeks
NCT05951777Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussion, CancerParticipants51Lead sponsorIndustryStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 months
  • Dimensional Change Card SortSecondary12 months
  • Vocabulary TestSecondary12 months
  • Size Order Memory TestSecondary12 months
  • Pattern and Letter ComparisonSecondary12 months
NCT05837676Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants134Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
NCT05819008Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussion, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Cancer, EpilepsyParticipants350Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimarysame day
NCT05786729Start2022PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsBrain injury and concussionParticipants190Lead sponsorIndustryStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day

Page 1 of 5

Questions, answered from the data

How many brain injury and concussion trials use Verbal Learning?

111 registered brain injury and concussion studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 50 of them in a primary outcome: 25% of the condition's 444 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 11% of all of them. It is the 2nd most named test in brain injury and concussion trials.

Which tests do brain injury and concussion trials use with Verbal Learning?

The Trail Making Test (46 studies), the Digit Span Test (43 studies) and Verbal Fluency (42 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 brain injury and concussion trials that use Verbal Learning enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 50 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 32 to 68. 11 of them give a size.

When do brain injury and concussion trials measure Verbal Learning?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 12 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 9 weeks to 5 months. 47 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed brain injury and concussion trials that use Verbal Learning have reported results?

27 of the 51 completed studies that name it, 53%, have reported results: 22 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 10 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 5 did both. The other 24 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on Verbal Learning and brain injury and concussion

  • Every cognitive test in brain injury and concussion trials: 444 studies
  • Verbal Learning in all clinical trials: 1,832 studies

Verbal Learning in other conditions

  • Cancer235
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's224
  • Mild cognitive impairment183
  • Depression and bipolar disorder178
  • Multiple sclerosis139
  • Aging, frailty and exercise128
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis112
  • Cognitive impairment and decline79
  • Substance use and addiction77
  • Obesity and diabetes74
  • Pain and fatigue72
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD70
  • Sleep and sleep disorders66
  • Cardiovascular disease64
  • Stroke63
  • Parkinson's disease61
  • Healthy volunteers56
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care51

Other tests in brain injury and concussion trials

  • Trail Making Test115
  • Digit Span Test98
  • Verbal Fluency86
  • Stroop Color-Word Test59

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Verbal Learning and Grocery Trip Game as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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