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    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Pain and fatigue
  6. /Verbal Learning

Clinical trials data

Verbal Learning in pain and fatigue trials: 72 registered studies

Every registered pain and fatigue study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Verbal Learning in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered pain and fatigue studies name it in an outcome measure
72
Name it in a primary outcome, 22%
16 of 72
Of the condition's 681 studies name it, against 11% of all registered studies
11%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
90
By phase
Try Verbal LearningTry the Grocery Trip Game

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that pain and fatigue studies naming Verbal Learning name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Symbol Coding22 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Trail Making Test21 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Digit Span Test19 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Verbal Fluency16 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Stroop Color-Word Test11 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Continuous Performance Test9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Paced Visual Serial Addition Test5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Go/No-Go Task3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Psychomotor Vigilance Task3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Category Fluency3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 11 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 6 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 5 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200421
200500
200610
200710
200811
200900
201010
201100
201210
201331
201441
201522
201680
201740
201821
201910
202031
202143
202240
202372
2024112
202561
202650

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Early phase 13 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/21 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 218 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/32 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 37 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable30 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Observational11 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200
  • Phase 2120 median, 99 to 220
  • Not applicable60 median, 38 to 99
  • Observational100 median, 75 to 175
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per pain and fatigue study that names Verbal Learning, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Phase 21712099 to 220
Not applicable296038 to 99
Observational1110075 to 175

When pain and fatigue trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 1 week to 4 months. 15 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day9 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks17 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months18 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months16 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months4 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years3 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given4 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

68 of the 72 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting19 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Completed39 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown7 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral12 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Drug29 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Device9 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other15 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • None given6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States39 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
  • Türkiye5 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Canada3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Germany3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Sweden3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Brazil2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • China2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Italy2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Norway2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Egypt1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

22 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 2 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed pain and fatigue studies that name Verbal Learning: 19 of 39, 49%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed pain and fatigue studies that name Verbal Learning and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted pain and fatigue studies that name Verbal LearningEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper4, 10%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only8, 21%1,139, 14%
A results paper only7, 18%1,711, 22%
Neither20, 51%4,327, 54%

The 72 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionPain and fatigue
TestVerbal Learning

72 studies match. 16 name Verbal Learning in a primary outcome. Median size 90 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 13 weeks.

Loading 72 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
0510152000: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2004: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2007: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2008: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2009: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2010: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2013: 3 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2014: 4 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2015: 2 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20152016: 8 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2018: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2019: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2020: 3 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20202021: 4 studies, 3 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2023: 7 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2024: 11 studies, 2 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome2025: 6 studies, 1 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome20252026: 5 studies, 0 naming Verbal Learning in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts. Not shown: 1 planned to start after 2026.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200421
200500
200610
200710
200811
200900
201010
201100
201210
201331
201441
201522
201680
201740
201821
201910
202031
202143
202240
202372
2024112
202561
202650

Library tests named most

  • Verbal Learning72 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding22 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test21 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test19 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency16 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test11 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Continuous Performance Test9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition Test5 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Go/No-Go Task3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Psychomotor Vigilance Task3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Pain and fatigue72 studies, 16 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer12 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD12 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Multiple sclerosis11 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Substance use and addiction6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders6 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Brain injury and concussion4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • COVID-19 and long COVID3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 5, other 67. Interventional 61, observational 11.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeVerbal Learning

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07886606Start2021PhaseEarly phase 1ConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Pain and fatigueParticipants34Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestPrimarysame day
NCT07885085Start2027PhaseObservationalConditionsMild cognitive impairment, Substance use and addiction, Delirium, surgery and intensive care, Pain and fatigueParticipants552Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome6 months
NCT07766213Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Pain and fatigueParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
NCT07710742Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Pain and fatigueParticipants51Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 weeks
NCT07680738Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Pain and fatigueParticipants38Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary4 weeks
NCT07504120Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Depression and bipolar disorder, Aging, frailty and exercise, Pain and fatigueParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary16 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary16 weeks
NCT07429526Start2013PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussion, Pain and fatigueParticipants12Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary13 weeks
NCT07409753Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcomesame day
  • Digit Span TestOther outcomesame day
  • Symbol CodingOther outcomesame day
NCT07393672Start2026PhasePhase 2ConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCD, Pain and fatigueParticipants104Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary
  • N-Back TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Simple Reaction TimeSecondary13 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary13 weeks
NCT07357688Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants99Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary8 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Category FluencySecondary8 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary8 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary8 weeks
NCT07304843Start2023PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants207Lead sponsorIndustryStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary4 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary4 weeks
  • Category FluencySecondary4 weeks
NCT06837857Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Category FluencySecondary12 months
NCT06831916Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCD, Pain and fatigueParticipants104Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary
  • N-Back TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Simple Reaction TimeSecondary13 weeks
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestSecondary13 weeks
  • DRM False Memory TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT06808048Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Pain and fatigueParticipants180Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary4 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary4 months
  • Digit Span TestPrimary4 months
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary4 months
  • Tower PlanningPrimary4 months
  • Paired Associate LearningPrimary4 months
  • Iowa Gambling LitePrimary4 months
  • Word Pair LearningPrimary4 months
NCT06671132Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants220Lead sponsorIndustryStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary4 weeks
NCT06638996Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCD, Pain and fatigueParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
  • DRM False Memory TaskPrimary1 week
NCT06614309Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsCOVID-19 and long COVID, Pain and fatigueParticipants45Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 weeks
  • Task Switching TestSecondary2 weeks
NCT06569550Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Pain and fatigueParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome6 days
  • Symbol CodingOther outcome6 days
NCT06544291Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsSubstance use and addiction, Pain and fatigueParticipants147Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Continuous Performance TestSecondarysame day
  • Dot-Probe TaskPrimarysame day
NCT06530459Start2024PhasePhase 2/3ConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 weeks
NCT06518421Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants400Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Mnemonic Similarity TaskPrimary6 months
NCT06448923Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsPain and fatigueParticipants225Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Symbol Scan TaskSecondary13 weeks
NCT06356805Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsAnxiety, PTSD and OCD, Pain and fatigueParticipants42Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary13 weeks
NCT06291870Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsSleep and sleep disorders, COVID-19 and long COVID, Pain and fatigueParticipants200Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary13 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary13 weeks
  • Psychomotor Vigilance TaskPrimary13 weeks
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary13 weeks
NCT06290063Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsDepression and bipolar disorder, Sleep and sleep disorders, Anxiety, PTSD and OCD, Pain and fatigueParticipants385Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary8 weeks

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many pain and fatigue trials use Verbal Learning?

72 registered pain and fatigue studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 16 of them in a primary outcome: 11% of the condition's 681 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 11% of all of them. It is the 4th most named test in pain and fatigue trials.

Which tests do pain and fatigue trials use with Verbal Learning?

Symbol Coding (22 studies), the Trail Making Test (21 studies) and the Digit Span Test (19 studies).

How many participants do phase 2 pain and fatigue trials that use Verbal Learning enroll?

Half of the phase 2 studies that name it enroll 120 participants or fewer, and the middle half enroll 99 to 220. 17 of them give a size.

When do pain and fatigue trials measure Verbal Learning?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Learning are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 1 week to 4 months. 15 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed pain and fatigue trials that use Verbal Learning have reported results?

19 of the 39 completed studies that name it, 49%, have reported results: 12 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 11 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 4 did both. The other 20 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on Verbal Learning and pain and fatigue

  • Every cognitive test in pain and fatigue trials: 681 studies
  • Verbal Learning in all clinical trials: 1,832 studies

Verbal Learning in other conditions

  • Cancer235
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's224
  • Mild cognitive impairment183
  • Depression and bipolar disorder178
  • Multiple sclerosis139
  • Aging, frailty and exercise128
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis112
  • Brain injury and concussion111
  • Cognitive impairment and decline79
  • Substance use and addiction77
  • Obesity and diabetes74
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD70
  • Sleep and sleep disorders66
  • Cardiovascular disease64
  • Stroke63
  • Parkinson's disease61
  • Healthy volunteers56
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care51

Other tests in pain and fatigue trials

  • Stroop Color-Word Test114
  • Trail Making Test94
  • Symbol Coding82
  • Digit Span Test61
  • Verbal Fluency53

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

The census counts Verbal Learning and Grocery Trip Game as one test family, so this page counts their studies together.

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