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    1. Verbal Fluency TestGradeA
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    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Multiple sclerosis
  6. /Verbal Fluency

Clinical trials data

Verbal Fluency in multiple sclerosis trials: 58 registered studies

Every registered multiple sclerosis study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names Verbal Fluency in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered multiple sclerosis studies name it in an outcome measure
58
Name it in a primary outcome, 34%
20 of 58
Of the condition's 612 studies name it, against 11% of all registered studies
9%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
78
By phase
Try Verbal Fluency

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that multiple sclerosis studies naming Verbal Fluency name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Symbol Coding39 studies, 18 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Learning29 studies, 12 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Paced Visual Serial Addition Test27 studies, 14 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Trail Making Test21 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Stroop Color-Word Test18 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Selective Reminding Task10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Category Fluency8 studies, 3 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Digit Span Test8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Line Angle Matching6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Tower Planning3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 1 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 4 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 5 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 7 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 3 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 6 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200310
200410
200500
200600
200700
200800
200922
201000
201111
201210
201321
201452
201532
201662
201720
201811
201941
202020
202152
202242
202372
202431
202560
202621

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 12 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 1/22 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 25 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 2/32 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 32 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 42 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable37 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
  • Observational6 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100
  • Not applicable80 median, 34 to 126
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per multiple sclerosis study that names Verbal Fluency, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable378034 to 126

When multiple sclerosis trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Fluency are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 7 weeks to 6 months. 18 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day7 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks2 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months15 outcomes, 6 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months15 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months5 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years7 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given6 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

52 of the 58 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting9 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting4 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Completed30 studies, 13 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown11 studies, 4 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral16 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Drug12 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Device12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Biological2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Other14 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • None given2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States15 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Italy9 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • France7 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Netherlands6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Spain5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Belgium2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Canada2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Denmark2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Greece2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Iran2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Israel2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Portugal2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

31 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 6 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed multiple sclerosis studies that name Verbal Fluency: 13 of 30, 43%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed multiple sclerosis studies that name Verbal Fluency and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted multiple sclerosis studies that name Verbal FluencyEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper4, 13%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only5, 17%1,139, 14%
A results paper only4, 13%1,711, 22%
Neither17, 57%4,327, 54%

The 58 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionMultiple sclerosis
TestVerbal Fluency

58 studies match. 20 name Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome. Median size 78 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 13 weeks.

Loading 58 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
024682000: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2003: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2004: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2005: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20052006: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2008: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 2 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2010: 0 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20102011: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2012: 1 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2013: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2014: 5 studies, 2 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 2 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20152016: 6 studies, 2 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2017: 2 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2018: 1 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2019: 4 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20202021: 5 studies, 2 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2022: 4 studies, 2 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2023: 7 studies, 2 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2024: 3 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome2025: 6 studies, 0 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome20252026: 2 studies, 1 naming Verbal Fluency in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200310
200410
200500
200600
200700
200800
200922
201000
201111
201210
201321
201452
201532
201662
201720
201811
201941
202020
202152
202242
202372
202431
202560
202621

Library tests named most

  • Verbal Fluency58 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding39 studies, 18 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning29 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition Test27 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test21 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test18 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Selective Reminding Task10 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency8 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test8 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Line Angle Matching6 studies, 2 as a primary outcome

Largest condition groups

  • Multiple sclerosis58 studies, 20 as a primary outcome
  • Pain and fatigue5 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Stroke3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Brain injury and concussion2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Epilepsy2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Dementia and Alzheimer's1 study, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment1 study, 0 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 3, other 55. Interventional 52, observational 6.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeVerbal Fluency

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07842302Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Pain and fatigueParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary6 months
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestSecondary6 months
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary6 months
NCT07788859Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
NCT07593807Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Depression and bipolar disorderParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondary4 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary4 weeks
NCT07456475Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussion, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosisParticipants25Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 weeks
NCT07273604Start2015PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Depression and bipolar disorder, Anxiety, PTSD and OCD, Pain and fatigueParticipants148Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary12 weeks
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Selective Reminding TaskPrimary12 weeks
NCT07225868Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants126Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary4 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary4 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary4 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary4 months
NCT06966128Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary2 years
  • Verbal FluencySecondary2 years
  • Symbol CodingSecondary2 years
NCT06964581Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary9 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary9 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary9 weeks
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary9 weeks
  • Design Fluency TestSecondary9 weeks
NCT06877273Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
NCT06820125Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants48Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary9 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary9 weeks
  • N-Back TaskSecondary9 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskSecondary9 weeks
  • Category FluencySecondary9 weeks
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestSecondary9 weeks
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary9 weeks
  • Design Fluency TestSecondary9 weeks
NCT06782724Start2025PhasePhase 2ConditionsParkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Depression and bipolar disorder, Lung diseaseParticipants108Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcome8 weeks
  • Verbal LearningOther outcome8 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyOther outcome8 weeks
  • Digit Span TestOther outcome8 weeks
  • Symbol CodingOther outcome8 weeks
NCT06714487Start2016PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 months
NCT06709768Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants34Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary8 weeks
NCT06360861Start2019PhasePhase 1ConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants5Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestSecondary6 months
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary6 months
NCT06330298Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsStroke, Multiple sclerosis, CancerParticipants84Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestOther outcomesame day
  • Verbal LearningOther outcomesame day
  • Verbal FluencyOther outcomesame day
  • Digit Span TestOther outcomesame day
  • Symbol CodingOther outcomesame day
  • Category FluencyOther outcomesame day
  • Social Slips Stories TaskSecondary10 months
NCT06303024Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants140Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary12 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary12 months
NCT06112639Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairment, Multiple sclerosis, CancerParticipants192Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary6 months
  • Delayed Recall ModuleSecondary6 months
NCT06068582Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants270Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary16 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary16 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary16 months
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestSecondary16 months
NCT06061939Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants94Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary12 weeks
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 weeks
NCT05819008Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsStroke, Brain injury and concussion, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Cancer, EpilepsyParticipants350Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal LearningPrimarysame day
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Corsi Block-Tapping TestPrimarysame day
NCT05811949Start2021PhaseObservationalConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants52Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary6 months
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary6 months
  • Selective Reminding TaskPrimary6 months
NCT05787704Start2023PhaseObservationalConditionsMultiple sclerosis, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants41Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary
  • Verbal LearningSecondarysame day
  • Verbal FluencySecondarysame day
  • Symbol CodingSecondarysame day
NCT05779449Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants100Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary
  • Verbal FluencySecondary
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestSecondary
NCT05691192Start2022PhasePhase 2ConditionsMultiple sclerosisParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary6 months
NCT05340985Start2022PhasePhase 4ConditionsMultiple sclerosis, CancerParticipants54Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary6 months
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary6 months
  • Symbol CodingPrimary6 months
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition TestPrimary6 months
  • Line Angle MatchingPrimary6 months

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many multiple sclerosis trials use Verbal Fluency?

58 registered multiple sclerosis studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 20 of them in a primary outcome: 9% of the condition's 612 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 11% of all of them. It is the 4th most named test in multiple sclerosis trials.

Which tests do multiple sclerosis trials use with Verbal Fluency?

Symbol Coding (39 studies), Verbal Learning (29 studies) and the Paced Visual Serial Addition Test (27 studies).

When do multiple sclerosis trials measure Verbal Fluency?

Half of the primary outcomes that name Verbal Fluency are measured within 13 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 7 weeks to 6 months. 18 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed multiple sclerosis trials that use Verbal Fluency have reported results?

13 of the 30 completed studies that name it, 43%, have reported results: 9 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 8 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 4 did both. The other 17 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on Verbal Fluency and multiple sclerosis

  • Every cognitive test in multiple sclerosis trials: 612 studies
  • Verbal Fluency in all clinical trials: 1,745 studies

Verbal Fluency in other conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's248
  • Cancer200
  • Mild cognitive impairment177
  • Depression and bipolar disorder154
  • Parkinson's disease140
  • Aging, frailty and exercise136
  • Stroke110
  • Schizophrenia and psychosis107
  • Brain injury and concussion86
  • Cognitive impairment and decline63
  • Obesity and diabetes63
  • Anxiety, PTSD and OCD61
  • Cardiovascular disease61
  • Sleep and sleep disorders58
  • Pain and fatigue53

Other tests in multiple sclerosis trials

  • Symbol Coding375
  • Paced Visual Serial Addition Test169
  • Verbal Learning139
  • Stroop Color-Word Test56

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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