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    16,361Registered studies name a cognitive test in an outcome measure11,688 name a test you can run hereExplore the studies
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  1. Home
  2. /Data
  3. /Clinical trials
  4. /Conditions
  5. /Dementia and Alzheimer's
  6. /Clock Drawing Task

Clinical trials data

Clock Drawing Task in dementia and Alzheimer's trials: 69 registered studies

Every registered dementia and Alzheimer's disease study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Clock Drawing Task in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.

Registered dementia and Alzheimer's disease studies name it in an outcome measure
69
Name it in a primary outcome, 41%
28 of 69
Of the condition's 1,673 studies name it, against 2% of all registered studies
4%
Other conditions
Median participants per study
95
By phase
Try the Clock Drawing Task

Tests named in the same studies

The library tests that dementia and Alzheimer's disease studies naming the Clock Drawing Task name most often beside it.
  1. 1

    Trail Making Test33 studies, 11 as a primary outcome

  2. 2

    Verbal Fluency26 studies, 12 as a primary outcome

  3. 3

    Picture Naming Test22 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  4. 4

    Digit Span Test20 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  5. 5

    Verbal Learning18 studies, 12 as a primary outcome

  6. 6

    Category Fluency17 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

  7. 7

    Complex Figure Copy and Recall11 studies, 7 as a primary outcome

  8. 8

    Stroop Color-Word Test10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  9. 9

    Symbol Coding10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

  10. 10

    Short Story Recall9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Studies by start year

Each study counted once. 2026 is partly planned starts.
02000: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2005: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome20152016: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2018: 4 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2019: 6 studies, 3 with a test as a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome20202021: 7 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 2 with a test as a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 0 with a test as a primary outcome2024: 6 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome2025: 8 studies, 4 with a test as a primary outcome20252026: 2 studies, 1 with a test as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

Show as a table
Registered studies by start year
Start yearStudiesA test as a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200520
200610
200700
200820
200921
201020
201100
201220
201342
201410
201532
201621
201742
201842
201963
202020
202174
202262
202330
202464
202584
202621

Phases and study sizes

By phase

  • Phase 1/21 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 28 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 35 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Phase 42 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Not applicable33 studies, 14 as a primary outcome
  • Observational20 studies, 12 as a primary outcome

Participants per study

102050100200500
  • Not applicable60 median, 30 to 122
  • Observational155 median, 88 to 392
Participants per study. The bar spans the middle half of the studies in each phase, the mark is the median, and the axis is logarithmic. Phases with fewer than 10 studies that give a size are left out.
Show as a table
Participants per dementia and Alzheimer's disease study that names the Clock Drawing Task, by phase
PhaseStudies with a sizeMedianMiddle half
Not applicable326030 to 122
Observational2015588 to 392

When dementia and Alzheimer's trials measure it

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Clock Drawing Task are measured within 5 months of the start, and the middle half from 9 weeks to 11 months. 26 primary outcomes give a duration.

Latest time point of each outcome

  • Within a day4 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Up to 4 weeks9 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 3 months9 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 3 to 6 months17 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
  • 6 to 12 months13 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
  • 1 to 2 years8 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Over 2 years5 outcomes, 3 as a primary outcome
  • No duration given4 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome

A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes

65 of the 69 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.

Status, results, interventions and countries

Status

  • Recruiting8 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Not yet recruiting3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Active, not recruiting3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Completed34 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Stopped early5 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Status unknown16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

What they test

  • Behavioral13 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Drug17 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
  • Device11 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Dietary supplement2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Procedure4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Diagnostic test3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Biological2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Radiation1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Combination product1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Genetic1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Other12 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • None given12 studies, 8 as a primary outcome

Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.

Where their sites are

  • United States15 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • China14 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
  • Italy9 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • France6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Norway6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Türkiye6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Australia4 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Canada3 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Greece3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Spain3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Austria2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
  • Germany2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome

43 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 2 list no site.

Reported results

Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.

Completed dementia and Alzheimer's disease studies that name the Clock Drawing Task: 22 of 34, 65%

Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%

Completed dementia and Alzheimer's disease studies that name the Clock Drawing Task and every completed study, by how they reported results
ResultsCompleted dementia and Alzheimer's disease studies that name the Clock Drawing TaskEvery completed study
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper3, 9%776, 10%
Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only7, 21%1,139, 14%
A results paper only12, 35%1,711, 22%
Neither12, 35%4,327, 54%

The 69 studies

Filter by phase, sponsor, status, country, intervention, outcome list, size and start year. Each study links to its record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
ConditionDementia and Alzheimer's
TestThe Clock Drawing Task

69 studies match. 28 name the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome. Median size 95 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 5 months.

Loading 69 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.

By start year
024682000: 0 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome20002001: 0 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2002: 0 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2003: 0 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2004: 0 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2005: 2 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome20052006: 1 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2007: 0 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2008: 2 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2009: 2 studies, 1 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2010: 2 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome20102011: 0 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2012: 2 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2013: 4 studies, 2 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2014: 1 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2015: 3 studies, 2 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome20152016: 2 studies, 1 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2017: 4 studies, 2 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2018: 4 studies, 2 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2019: 6 studies, 3 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2020: 2 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome20202021: 7 studies, 4 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2022: 6 studies, 2 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2023: 3 studies, 0 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2024: 6 studies, 4 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome2025: 8 studies, 4 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome20252026: 2 studies, 1 naming the Clock Drawing Task in a primary outcome

2026 is partly planned starts.

Show as a table
Matching studies by start year
Start yearStudiesAs a primary outcome
200000
200100
200200
200300
200400
200520
200610
200700
200820
200921
201020
201100
201220
201342
201410
201532
201621
201742
201842
201963
202020
202174
202262
202330
202464
202584
202621

Library tests named most

  • Clock Drawing Task69 studies, 28 as a primary outcome
  • Trail Making Test33 studies, 11 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Fluency26 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Picture Naming Test22 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Digit Span Test20 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Verbal Learning18 studies, 12 as a primary outcome
  • Category Fluency17 studies, 8 as a primary outcome
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall11 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
  • Stroop Color-Word Test10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Symbol Coding10 studies, 6 as a primary outcome

Conditions

  • Dementia and Alzheimer's69 studies, 28 as a primary outcome
  • Mild cognitive impairment16 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
  • Parkinson's disease8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Obesity and diabetes4 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
  • Cardiovascular disease3 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Cancer2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Aging, frailty and exercise2 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
  • Sleep and sleep disorders2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Depression and bipolar disorder1 study, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Hearing loss1 study, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Delirium, surgery and intensive care1 study, 1 as a primary outcome
  • Lung disease1 study, 1 as a primary outcome

Phases

Participants

Lead sponsor: industry 12, other 57. Interventional 49, observational 20.

As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Clock Drawing Task

The studies, newest registration first

Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Registered studies that match the filters, newest registration first, with the library tests each one names and the outcome list that names them.
StudyStartPhaseConditionsParticipantsLead sponsorStatusLibrary tests named, with the latest time point
NCT07664865Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants250Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Symbol CodingPrimarysame day
  • Picture Naming TestPrimarysame day
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimarysame day
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimarysame day
  • Emoji Emotion RecognitionPrimarysame day
  • Selective Reminding TaskPrimarysame day
NCT07651085Start2024PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, Sleep and sleep disordersParticipants65Lead sponsorOtherStatusActive, not recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary
  • Category FluencyPrimary
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary
NCT07467460Start2026PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease, Obesity and diabetesParticipants500Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary3 years
NCT07399418Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants80Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimarysame day
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimarysame day
  • Verbal FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Digit Span TestPrimarysame day
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimarysame day
  • Category FluencyPrimarysame day
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimarysame day
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimarysame day
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimarysame day
  • Selective Reminding TaskPrimarysame day
NCT07385937Start2026PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants150Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary18 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary18 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary18 months
  • Category FluencySecondary18 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary18 months
  • Cancellation TestSecondary18 months
  • Delayed Recall ModuleSecondary18 months
NCT07375771Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants40Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary12 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Category FluencyPrimary12 weeks
  • Task Switching TestPrimary12 weeks
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary12 weeks
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary12 weeks
  • Visual Search TestPrimary12 weeks
NCT07279103Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants24Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary8 weeks
NCT07089303Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants750Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary12 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary12 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary12 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary12 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary12 months
NCT06946511Start2025PhasePhase 1/2ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants50Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary1 week
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary1 week
  • Short Story RecallPrimary1 week
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary1 week
NCT06803784Start2025PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants110Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary2 years
NCT06765434Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants54Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary12 weeks
NCT06595511Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants30Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Stroop Color-Word TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary13 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary13 weeks
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary13 weeks
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary13 weeks
NCT06484244Start2025PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants10Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary2 weeks
  • Verbal FluencySecondary2 weeks
  • Digit Span TestSecondary2 weeks
  • N-Back TaskPrimary2 weeks
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary2 weeks
NCT06452147Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Delirium, surgery and intensive careParticipants1,860Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary1 week
  • Verbal LearningPrimary1 week
  • Digit Span TestPrimary1 week
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary1 week
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary1 week
NCT06380725Start2024PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants60Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary6 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary6 months
NCT06094452Start2020PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants84Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary6 months
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary6 months
NCT06083350Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants144Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary7 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary7 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary7 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary7 months
NCT06080659Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseaseParticipants120Lead sponsorOtherStatusRecruitingLibrary tests named
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Category FluencySecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary6 months
  • Letter-Number Sequencing TaskSecondary6 months
  • Selective Reminding TaskSecondary6 months
  • Line Angle MatchingSecondary6 months
  • Recognition Memory TestSecondary6 months
NCT06078332Start2021PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants114Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompleted

Paper

Library tests named
  • Stroop Color-Word TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Verbal LearningPrimary2 weeks
  • Verbal FluencyPrimary2 weeks
  • Digit Span TestPrimary2 weeks
  • Symbol CodingPrimary2 weeks
  • Go/No-Go TaskPrimary2 weeks
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary2 weeks
  • Matrix ReasoningPrimary2 weeks
NCT05887674Start2023PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Mild cognitive impairmentParticipants180Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary12 months
  • Verbal LearningPrimary12 months
  • Symbol CodingSecondary12 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary12 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary12 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary12 months
NCT05647473Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Cardiovascular diseaseParticipants66Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary11 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary11 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary11 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary11 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary11 months
NCT05623124Start2021PhaseObservationalConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants400Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknown

Paper

Library tests named
  • Trail Making TestPrimary
  • Verbal LearningPrimary
  • Symbol CodingPrimary
  • Picture Naming TestPrimary
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallPrimary
NCT05578443Start2024PhasePhase 2ConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants66Lead sponsorOtherStatusStatus unknownLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary11 months
  • Verbal FluencySecondary11 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary11 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary11 months
  • Complex Figure Copy and RecallSecondary11 months
NCT05575271Start2022PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer'sParticipants6Lead sponsorOtherStatusNot yet recruitingLibrary tests named
  • Trail Making TestSecondary6 months
  • Verbal LearningSecondary6 months
  • Digit Span TestSecondary6 months
  • Picture Naming TestSecondary6 months
  • Clock Drawing TaskSecondary6 months
NCT05558839Start2021PhaseNot applicableConditionsDementia and Alzheimer's, Aging, frailty and exerciseParticipants41Lead sponsorOtherStatusCompletedLibrary tests named
  • Category FluencyPrimary14 weeks
  • Clock Drawing TaskPrimary14 weeks

Page 1 of 3

Questions, answered from the data

How many dementia and Alzheimer's trials use the Clock Drawing Task?

69 registered dementia and Alzheimer's disease studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 28 of them in a primary outcome: 4% of the condition's 1,673 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 2% of all of them. It is the 12th most named test in dementia and Alzheimer's trials.

Which tests do dementia and Alzheimer's trials use with the Clock Drawing Task?

The Trail Making Test (33 studies), Verbal Fluency (26 studies) and the Picture Naming Test (22 studies).

When do dementia and Alzheimer's trials measure the Clock Drawing Task?

Half of the primary outcomes that name the Clock Drawing Task are measured within 5 months of the start, and the middle half from 9 weeks to 11 months. 26 primary outcomes give a duration.

How many completed dementia and Alzheimer's trials that use the Clock Drawing Task have reported results?

22 of the 34 completed studies that name it, 65%, have reported results: 10 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 15 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 3 did both. The other 12 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.

More on the Clock Drawing Task and dementia and Alzheimer's disease

  • Every cognitive test in dementia and Alzheimer's trials: 1,673 studies
  • The Clock Drawing Task in all clinical trials: 281 studies

Other tests in dementia and Alzheimer's trials

  • Trail Making Test273
  • Verbal Fluency248
  • Verbal Learning224
  • Digit Span Test181
  • Category Fluency167
  • Symbol Coding117
  • Stroop Color-Word Test116
  • Picture Naming Test104
  • Short Story Recall91
  • Selective Reminding Task76
  • Delayed Recall Module71
  • Complex Figure Copy and Recall53

How the studies are counted

For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.

The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.

A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.

A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.

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