Clinical trials data
Card Sorting Test (Berg) in schizophrenia and psychosis trials: 50 registered studies
Every registered schizophrenia and psychosis study on ClinicalTrials.gov that names the Card Sorting Test (Berg) in an outcome measure: how often it is a primary outcome, the tests named with it, how large the studies are and when they measure it.
- Registered schizophrenia and psychosis studies name it in an outcome measure
- 50
- Name it in a primary outcome, 30%
- 15 of 50
Tests named in the same studies
- 1
Trail Making Test19 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
- 2
Digit Span Test17 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- 3
Stroop Color-Word Test16 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
- 4
Verbal Fluency14 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
- 5
Verbal Learning13 studies, 6 as a primary outcome
- 6
Continuous Performance Test10 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
- 7
Letter-Number Sequencing Task6 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- 8
Finger Tapping Task6 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- 9
Tower Planning5 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- 10
Indirect Hints Task4 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes
Studies by start year
A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes
Show as a table
| Start year | Studies | A test as a primary outcome |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 1 | 0 |
| 2001 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 2 | 2 |
| 2003 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004 | 1 | 0 |
| 2005 | 1 | 1 |
| 2006 | 0 | 0 |
| 2007 | 1 | 0 |
| 2008 | 0 | 0 |
| 2009 | 1 | 0 |
| 2010 | 4 | 1 |
| 2011 | 2 | 0 |
| 2012 | 3 | 0 |
| 2013 | 2 | 1 |
| 2014 | 2 | 1 |
| 2015 | 4 | 1 |
| 2016 | 2 | 1 |
| 2017 | 3 | 1 |
| 2018 | 2 | 0 |
| 2019 | 6 | 2 |
| 2020 | 1 | 0 |
| 2021 | 3 | 1 |
| 2022 | 3 | 0 |
| 2023 | 3 | 1 |
| 2024 | 2 | 1 |
| 2025 | 0 | 0 |
| 2026 | 1 | 1 |
Phases and study sizes
By phase
- Phase 11 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Phase 1/21 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Phase 23 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Phase 2/31 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Phase 33 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
- Phase 46 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Not applicable33 studies, 9 as a primary outcome
- Observational2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
Participants per study
- Not applicable62 median, 48 to 120
Show as a table
| Phase | Studies with a size | Median | Middle half |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not applicable | 33 | 62 | 48 to 120 |
When schizophrenia and psychosis trials measure it
Latest time point of each outcome
- Within a day9 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
- Up to 4 weeks10 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
- 1 to 3 months10 outcomes, 4 as a primary outcome
- 3 to 6 months12 outcomes, 5 as a primary outcome
- 6 to 12 months5 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
- 1 to 2 years1 outcomes, 1 as a primary outcome
- Over 2 years1 outcomes, 0 as a primary outcome
- No duration given2 outcomes, 2 as a primary outcome
A test as a primary outcomeOnly in secondary or other outcomes
48 of the 50 outcome measures give a duration. A single visit counts as within a day.
Status, results, interventions and countries
Status
- Recruiting3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Not yet recruiting1 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Active, not recruiting1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Completed31 studies, 10 as a primary outcome
- Stopped early2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Status unknown12 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
What they test
- Behavioral19 studies, 7 as a primary outcome
- Drug15 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
- Device11 studies, 2 as a primary outcome
- Dietary supplement2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Diagnostic test1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Other9 studies, 5 as a primary outcome
- None given2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
Intervention types as registered. A study can list several; observational studies often list none.
Where their sites are
- Taiwan11 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- Spain8 studies, 4 as a primary outcome
- United States6 studies, 3 as a primary outcome
- Canada3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- China3 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- France2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Hong Kong2 studies, 1 as a primary outcome
- South Korea2 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Brazil1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Denmark1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Egypt1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
- Germany1 studies, 0 as a primary outcome
16 countries in all. A study with sites in several counts in each; 5 list no site.
Reported results
Completed studies with results posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, a results paper the registry links to the study, or both.
Completed schizophrenia and psychosis studies that name the Card Sorting Test (Berg): 13 of 31, 42%
Every completed study with a cognitive outcome: 3,626 of 7,953, 46%
| Results | Completed schizophrenia and psychosis studies that name the Card Sorting Test (Berg) | Every completed study |
|---|---|---|
| Results on ClinicalTrials.gov and a paper | 1, 3% | 776, 10% |
| Results on ClinicalTrials.gov only | 5, 16% | 1,139, 14% |
| A results paper only | 7, 23% | 1,711, 22% |
| Neither | 18, 58% | 4,327, 54% |
The 50 studies
50 studies match. 15 name the Card Sorting Test (Berg) in a primary outcome. Median size 67 participants. Median time to the primary outcome: 12 weeks.
Loading 50 studies; the filters turn on when they arrive.
2026 is partly planned starts.
Show as a table
| Start year | Studies | As a primary outcome |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 1 | 0 |
| 2001 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 2 | 2 |
| 2003 | 0 | 0 |
| 2004 | 1 | 0 |
| 2005 | 1 | 1 |
| 2006 | 0 | 0 |
| 2007 | 1 | 0 |
| 2008 | 0 | 0 |
| 2009 | 1 | 0 |
| 2010 | 4 | 1 |
| 2011 | 2 | 0 |
| 2012 | 3 | 0 |
| 2013 | 2 | 1 |
| 2014 | 2 | 1 |
| 2015 | 4 | 1 |
| 2016 | 2 | 1 |
| 2017 | 3 | 1 |
| 2018 | 2 | 0 |
| 2019 | 6 | 2 |
| 2020 | 1 | 0 |
| 2021 | 3 | 1 |
| 2022 | 3 | 0 |
| 2023 | 3 | 1 |
| 2024 | 2 | 1 |
| 2025 | 0 | 0 |
| 2026 | 1 | 1 |
Library tests named most
Conditions
Phases
Participants
Lead sponsor: industry 2, other 48. Interventional 48, observational 2.
As a primary outcomeSecondary or other outcomeThe Card Sorting Test (Berg)
The studies, newest registration first
Each number opens the study's record on ClinicalTrials.gov.
| Study | Start | Phase | Conditions | Participants | Lead sponsor | Status | Library tests named, with the latest time point |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07806877 | Start2026 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants60 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusNot yet recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT07091344 | Start2024 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants30 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT06423651 | Start2022 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants160 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusStatus unknown | Library tests named
|
| NCT06340789 | Start2021 | PhasePhase 2 | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants90 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT06038955 | Start2022 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorder | Participants62 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT05899348 | Start2023 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants69 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT05880719 | Start2023 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants30 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusRecruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT05582980 | Start2020 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants60 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT05405946 | Start2019 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants50 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusStatus unknown | Library tests named
|
| NCT05337904 | Start2023 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants6 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusActive, not recruiting | Library tests named
|
| NCT05100888 | Start2022 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants76 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT05039489 | Start2021 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants200 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT04773171 | Start2021 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants72 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT04754750 | Start2015 | PhasePhase 1/2 | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants72 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT04545294 | Start2019 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants36 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT04429412 | Start2015 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants70 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT04038788 | Start2018 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants36 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT04012684 | Start2019 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants48 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusStatus unknown | Library tests named
|
| NCT03892876 | Start2019 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants120 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT03820362 | Start2016 | PhaseObservational | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants85 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT03814122 | Start2019 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants13 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT03722082 | Start2018 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis, Depression and bipolar disorder | Participants173 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusStatus unknown | Library tests named
|
| NCT03701100 | Start2017 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants60 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
| NCT03509597 | Start2017 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants150 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusStatus unknown | Library tests named
|
| NCT03388554 | Start2016 | PhaseNot applicable | ConditionsSchizophrenia and psychosis | Participants60 | Lead sponsorOther | StatusCompleted | Library tests named
|
Questions, answered from the data
How many schizophrenia and psychosis trials use the Card Sorting Test (Berg)?
50 registered schizophrenia and psychosis studies on ClinicalTrials.gov name it in an outcome measure, 15 of them in a primary outcome: 8% of the condition's 640 studies with a cognitive outcome, against 3% of all of them. It is the 8th most named test in schizophrenia and psychosis trials.
Which tests do schizophrenia and psychosis trials use with the Card Sorting Test (Berg)?
The Trail Making Test (19 studies), the Digit Span Test (17 studies) and the Stroop Color-Word Test (16 studies).
When do schizophrenia and psychosis trials measure the Card Sorting Test (Berg)?
Half of the primary outcomes that name the Card Sorting Test (Berg) are measured within 12 weeks of the start, and the middle half from 6 weeks to 16 weeks. 13 primary outcomes give a duration.
How many completed schizophrenia and psychosis trials that use the Card Sorting Test (Berg) have reported results?
13 of the 31 completed studies that name it, 42%, have reported results: 6 posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, 8 have a results paper linked to the registry record, and 1 did both. The other 18 show neither. Of all completed studies with a cognitive outcome, 46% have reported results.
How the studies are counted
For each test family, the census runs ClinicalTrials.gov's own outcome search for the family's names and reads every study first posted by the day the family was counted. These studies were read on 10 November 2026. A study counts once on a page, however many tests it names. Counts for a test cover every version of the task under any of its names, so a page can count studies that used a commercial version.
The census adds two things to each record and changes nothing in it: which outcome list names the test (primary, then secondary, then other), and the condition groups, matched on the study's condition names and MeSH terms. A study can fall in several groups; one whose only condition is cognitive impairment or decline falls in “Cognitive impairment and decline”. Studies that name only instruments outside the library count in every total and share but are not listed.
A second read on 10 November 2026 added each study's overall status, whether results are posted, its intervention types, the countries of its sites and the time frame of the outcome that names each test. A time frame counts by the latest time point it names: “Baseline, 12 and 24 weeks” is 24 weeks, a single visit is within a day, and one that names no duration, such as “end of treatment”, is left out of the timings.
A third read on 10 November 2026 added the papers the registry links to each study: those its sponsor lists as reporting results, and those PubMed links to it through the study's NCT number. A study has a results paper when one of them came out in or after the month of its primary completion and PubMed does not class it as a protocol, review or comment. A paper that never gives the NCT number is not linked, so some studies counted as reporting neither did publish.
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine, which does not endorse these pages. Every study line is in the data release 2.1.0, and the explorer's own file is clinical-trials-studies.json.
Run the Card Sorting Test (Berg) in your trial
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